Exercise in Sub-zero Temperatures and Airway Health: Implications for Athletes With Special Focus on Heat-and-Moisture-Exchanging Breathing Devices
Asthma is highly prevalent among winter endurance athletes. This “occupational disease” of cross-country skiers, among others, was acknowledged during the 1990s, with the pathogenesis attributed to repeated and prolonged exposure to cold, dry air combined with high rates of ventilation during exerci...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-04-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Sports and Active Living |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fspor.2020.00034/full |
| _version_ | 1818133187633610752 |
|---|---|
| author | Helen G. Hanstock Mats Ainegren Nikolai Stenfors |
| author_facet | Helen G. Hanstock Mats Ainegren Nikolai Stenfors |
| author_sort | Helen G. Hanstock |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Asthma is highly prevalent among winter endurance athletes. This “occupational disease” of cross-country skiers, among others, was acknowledged during the 1990s, with the pathogenesis attributed to repeated and prolonged exposure to cold, dry air combined with high rates of ventilation during exercise. Nevertheless, more than 25 years later, the prevalence of asthma among Scandinavian cross-country skiers is unchanged, and prevention remains a primary concern for sports physicians. Heat-and-moisture-exchanging breathing devices (HMEs) prevent exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in subjects with pre-existing disease and may have potential as a preventative intervention for healthy athletes undertaking training and competition in winter endurance sports. Herein we firstly provide an overview of the influence of temperature and humidity on airway health and the implications for athletes training and competing in sub-zero temperatures. We thereafter describe the properties and effects of HMEs, identify gaps in current understanding, and suggest avenues for future research. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T08:48:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e6c0f99492c7416e94ddb392c2502d83 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2624-9367 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T08:48:44Z |
| publishDate | 2020-04-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Sports and Active Living |
| spelling | doaj.art-e6c0f99492c7416e94ddb392c2502d832022-12-22T01:14:05ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Sports and Active Living2624-93672020-04-01210.3389/fspor.2020.00034490297Exercise in Sub-zero Temperatures and Airway Health: Implications for Athletes With Special Focus on Heat-and-Moisture-Exchanging Breathing DevicesHelen G. Hanstock0Mats Ainegren1Nikolai Stenfors2Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, SwedenSports Tech Research Centre, Department of Quality Management and Mechanical Engineering, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, SwedenDepartment of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, SwedenAsthma is highly prevalent among winter endurance athletes. This “occupational disease” of cross-country skiers, among others, was acknowledged during the 1990s, with the pathogenesis attributed to repeated and prolonged exposure to cold, dry air combined with high rates of ventilation during exercise. Nevertheless, more than 25 years later, the prevalence of asthma among Scandinavian cross-country skiers is unchanged, and prevention remains a primary concern for sports physicians. Heat-and-moisture-exchanging breathing devices (HMEs) prevent exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in subjects with pre-existing disease and may have potential as a preventative intervention for healthy athletes undertaking training and competition in winter endurance sports. Herein we firstly provide an overview of the influence of temperature and humidity on airway health and the implications for athletes training and competing in sub-zero temperatures. We thereafter describe the properties and effects of HMEs, identify gaps in current understanding, and suggest avenues for future research.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fspor.2020.00034/fullasthmaairway inflammationexerciseexercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB)cross-country skiingwinter sports |
| spellingShingle | Helen G. Hanstock Mats Ainegren Nikolai Stenfors Exercise in Sub-zero Temperatures and Airway Health: Implications for Athletes With Special Focus on Heat-and-Moisture-Exchanging Breathing Devices Frontiers in Sports and Active Living asthma airway inflammation exercise exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) cross-country skiing winter sports |
| title | Exercise in Sub-zero Temperatures and Airway Health: Implications for Athletes With Special Focus on Heat-and-Moisture-Exchanging Breathing Devices |
| title_full | Exercise in Sub-zero Temperatures and Airway Health: Implications for Athletes With Special Focus on Heat-and-Moisture-Exchanging Breathing Devices |
| title_fullStr | Exercise in Sub-zero Temperatures and Airway Health: Implications for Athletes With Special Focus on Heat-and-Moisture-Exchanging Breathing Devices |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exercise in Sub-zero Temperatures and Airway Health: Implications for Athletes With Special Focus on Heat-and-Moisture-Exchanging Breathing Devices |
| title_short | Exercise in Sub-zero Temperatures and Airway Health: Implications for Athletes With Special Focus on Heat-and-Moisture-Exchanging Breathing Devices |
| title_sort | exercise in sub zero temperatures and airway health implications for athletes with special focus on heat and moisture exchanging breathing devices |
| topic | asthma airway inflammation exercise exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) cross-country skiing winter sports |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fspor.2020.00034/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT helenghanstock exerciseinsubzerotemperaturesandairwayhealthimplicationsforathleteswithspecialfocusonheatandmoistureexchangingbreathingdevices AT matsainegren exerciseinsubzerotemperaturesandairwayhealthimplicationsforathleteswithspecialfocusonheatandmoistureexchangingbreathingdevices AT nikolaistenfors exerciseinsubzerotemperaturesandairwayhealthimplicationsforathleteswithspecialfocusonheatandmoistureexchangingbreathingdevices |