Usability of Ultrasonic Frequency Testing for Rapid Generation of High and Very High Cycle Fatigue Data
Ultrasonic fatigue testing is an increasingly used method to study the high cycle fatigue (HCF) and very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) properties of materials. Specimens are cycled at an ultrasonic frequency, which leads to a drastic reduction of testing times. This work focused on summarising the curre...
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| author | Michael Fitzka Bernd M. Schönbauer Robert K. Rhein Niloofar Sanaei Shahab Zekriardehani Srinivasan Arjun Tekalur Jason W. Carroll Herwig Mayer |
| author_facet | Michael Fitzka Bernd M. Schönbauer Robert K. Rhein Niloofar Sanaei Shahab Zekriardehani Srinivasan Arjun Tekalur Jason W. Carroll Herwig Mayer |
| author_sort | Michael Fitzka |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ultrasonic fatigue testing is an increasingly used method to study the high cycle fatigue (HCF) and very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) properties of materials. Specimens are cycled at an ultrasonic frequency, which leads to a drastic reduction of testing times. This work focused on summarising the current understanding, based on literature data and original work, whether and how fatigue properties measured with ultrasonic and conventional equipment are comparable. Aluminium alloys are not strain-rate sensitive. A weaker influence of air humidity at ultrasonic frequencies may lead to prolonged lifetimes in some alloys, and tests in high humidity or distilled water can better approximate environmental conditions at low frequencies. High-strength steels are insensitive to the cycling frequency. Strain rate sensitivity of ferrite causes prolonged lifetimes in those steels that show crack initiation in the ferritic phase. Austenitic stainless steels are less prone to frequency effects. Fatigue properties of titanium alloys and nickel alloys are insensitive to testing frequency. Limited data for magnesium alloys and graphite suggest no frequency influence. Ultrasonic fatigue tests of a glass fibre-reinforced polymer delivered comparable lifetimes to servo-hydraulic tests, suggesting that high-frequency testing is, in principle, applicable to fibre-reinforced polymer composites. The use of equipment with closed-loop control of vibration amplitude and resonance frequency is strongly advised since this guarantees high accuracy and reproducibility of ultrasonic tests. Pulsed loading and appropriate cooling serve to avoid specimen heating. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:55:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e6c7321ae0984431946a8bd2c607c721 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:55:30Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-e6c7321ae0984431946a8bd2c607c7212023-11-21T17:21:50ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442021-04-01149224510.3390/ma14092245Usability of Ultrasonic Frequency Testing for Rapid Generation of High and Very High Cycle Fatigue DataMichael Fitzka0Bernd M. Schönbauer1Robert K. Rhein2Niloofar Sanaei3Shahab Zekriardehani4Srinivasan Arjun Tekalur5Jason W. Carroll6Herwig Mayer7Department of Material Sciences and Process Engineering, Institute of Physics and Materials Science, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), 1190 Vienna, AustriaDepartment of Material Sciences and Process Engineering, Institute of Physics and Materials Science, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), 1190 Vienna, AustriaCenter for Materials and Manufacturing, Eaton Corporation, Southfield, MI 48076, USACenter for Materials and Manufacturing, Eaton Corporation, Southfield, MI 48076, USACenter for Materials and Manufacturing, Eaton Corporation, Southfield, MI 48076, USACenter for Materials and Manufacturing, Eaton Corporation, Southfield, MI 48076, USACenter for Materials and Manufacturing, Eaton Corporation, Southfield, MI 48076, USADepartment of Material Sciences and Process Engineering, Institute of Physics and Materials Science, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), 1190 Vienna, AustriaUltrasonic fatigue testing is an increasingly used method to study the high cycle fatigue (HCF) and very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) properties of materials. Specimens are cycled at an ultrasonic frequency, which leads to a drastic reduction of testing times. This work focused on summarising the current understanding, based on literature data and original work, whether and how fatigue properties measured with ultrasonic and conventional equipment are comparable. Aluminium alloys are not strain-rate sensitive. A weaker influence of air humidity at ultrasonic frequencies may lead to prolonged lifetimes in some alloys, and tests in high humidity or distilled water can better approximate environmental conditions at low frequencies. High-strength steels are insensitive to the cycling frequency. Strain rate sensitivity of ferrite causes prolonged lifetimes in those steels that show crack initiation in the ferritic phase. Austenitic stainless steels are less prone to frequency effects. Fatigue properties of titanium alloys and nickel alloys are insensitive to testing frequency. Limited data for magnesium alloys and graphite suggest no frequency influence. Ultrasonic fatigue tests of a glass fibre-reinforced polymer delivered comparable lifetimes to servo-hydraulic tests, suggesting that high-frequency testing is, in principle, applicable to fibre-reinforced polymer composites. The use of equipment with closed-loop control of vibration amplitude and resonance frequency is strongly advised since this guarantees high accuracy and reproducibility of ultrasonic tests. Pulsed loading and appropriate cooling serve to avoid specimen heating.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/9/2245ultrasonic fatiguefrequency effectstrain rate effectenvironmental effectsize effecthigh cycle fatigue |
| spellingShingle | Michael Fitzka Bernd M. Schönbauer Robert K. Rhein Niloofar Sanaei Shahab Zekriardehani Srinivasan Arjun Tekalur Jason W. Carroll Herwig Mayer Usability of Ultrasonic Frequency Testing for Rapid Generation of High and Very High Cycle Fatigue Data Materials ultrasonic fatigue frequency effect strain rate effect environmental effect size effect high cycle fatigue |
| title | Usability of Ultrasonic Frequency Testing for Rapid Generation of High and Very High Cycle Fatigue Data |
| title_full | Usability of Ultrasonic Frequency Testing for Rapid Generation of High and Very High Cycle Fatigue Data |
| title_fullStr | Usability of Ultrasonic Frequency Testing for Rapid Generation of High and Very High Cycle Fatigue Data |
| title_full_unstemmed | Usability of Ultrasonic Frequency Testing for Rapid Generation of High and Very High Cycle Fatigue Data |
| title_short | Usability of Ultrasonic Frequency Testing for Rapid Generation of High and Very High Cycle Fatigue Data |
| title_sort | usability of ultrasonic frequency testing for rapid generation of high and very high cycle fatigue data |
| topic | ultrasonic fatigue frequency effect strain rate effect environmental effect size effect high cycle fatigue |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/9/2245 |
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