Preliminary Phytochemical Screening, In Vitro Antidiabetic, Antioxidant Activities, and Toxicity of Leaf Extracts of <i>Psychotria malayana</i> Jack
<i>Psychotria malayana</i> Jack belongs to the Rubiacea and is widespread in Southeast Asian countries. It is traditionally used to treat diabetes. Despite its potential medicinal use, scientific proof of this pharmacological action and the toxic effect of this plant are still lacking. H...
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/12/2688 |
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| author | Tanzina Sharmin Nipun Alfi Khatib Qamar Uddin Ahmed Mohd Hamzah Mohd Nasir Farahaniza Supandi Muhammad Taher Mohd Zuwairi Saiman |
| author_facet | Tanzina Sharmin Nipun Alfi Khatib Qamar Uddin Ahmed Mohd Hamzah Mohd Nasir Farahaniza Supandi Muhammad Taher Mohd Zuwairi Saiman |
| author_sort | Tanzina Sharmin Nipun |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Psychotria malayana</i> Jack belongs to the Rubiacea and is widespread in Southeast Asian countries. It is traditionally used to treat diabetes. Despite its potential medicinal use, scientific proof of this pharmacological action and the toxic effect of this plant are still lacking. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the in vitro antidiabetic and antioxidant activities, toxicity, and preliminary phytochemical screening of <i>P. malayana</i> leaf extracts by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after derivatization. The antidiabetic activities of different extracts of this plant were investigated through alpha-glucosidase inhibitory (AGI) and 2-NBDG glucose uptake using 3T3-L1 cell line assays, while the antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH and FRAP assays. Its toxicological effect was investigated using the zebrafish embryo/larvae (<i>Danio rerio</i>) model. The mortality, hatchability, tail-detachment, yolk size, eye size, beat per minute (BPM), and body length were taken into account to observe the teratogenicity in all zebrafish embryos exposed to methanol extract. The LC<sub>50</sub> was determined using probit analysis. The methanol extract showed the AGI activity (IC<sub>50</sub> = 2.71 ± 0.11 μg/mL), insulin-sensitizing activity (at a concentration of 5 µg/mL), and potent antioxidant activities (IC<sub>50</sub> = 10.85 μg/mL and 72.53 mg AAE/g for DPPH and FRAP activity, respectively). Similarly, the water extract exhibited AGI activity (IC<sub>50</sub> = 6.75 μg/mL), insulin-sensitizing activity at the concentration of 10 μg/mL, and antioxidant activities (IC<sub>50</sub> = 27.12 and 33.71 μg/mL for DPPH and FRAP activity, respectively). The methanol and water extracts exhibited the LC<sub>50</sub> value higher than their therapeutic concentration, i.e., 37.50 and 252.45 µg/mL, respectively. These results indicate that both water and methanol extracts are safe and potentially an antidiabetic agent, but the former is preferable since its therapeutic index (LC<sub>50</sub>/therapeutic concentration) is much higher than for methanol extracts. Analysis using GC-MS on derivatized methanol and water extracts of <i>P. malayana</i> leaves detected partial information on some constituents including palmitic acid, 1,3,5-benzenetriol, 1-monopalmitin, beta-tocopherol, 24-epicampesterol, alpha-tocopherol, and stigmast-5-ene, that could be a potential target to further investigate the antidiabetic properties of the plant. Nevertheless, isolation and identification of the bioactive compounds are required to confirm their antidiabetic activity and toxicity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:16:59Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:16:59Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-e6c9bff62e504707b5780804c6569ec62023-11-23T10:11:46ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472021-12-011012268810.3390/plants10122688Preliminary Phytochemical Screening, In Vitro Antidiabetic, Antioxidant Activities, and Toxicity of Leaf Extracts of <i>Psychotria malayana</i> JackTanzina Sharmin Nipun0Alfi Khatib1Qamar Uddin Ahmed2Mohd Hamzah Mohd Nasir3Farahaniza Supandi4Muhammad Taher5Mohd Zuwairi Saiman6Pharmacognosy Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang Darul Makmur, MalaysiaPharmacognosy Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang Darul Makmur, MalaysiaPharmacognosy Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang Darul Makmur, MalaysiaCentral Research and Animal Facility, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang Darul Makmur, MalaysiaInstitute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, MalaysiaPharmacognosy Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang Darul Makmur, MalaysiaInstitute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia<i>Psychotria malayana</i> Jack belongs to the Rubiacea and is widespread in Southeast Asian countries. It is traditionally used to treat diabetes. Despite its potential medicinal use, scientific proof of this pharmacological action and the toxic effect of this plant are still lacking. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the in vitro antidiabetic and antioxidant activities, toxicity, and preliminary phytochemical screening of <i>P. malayana</i> leaf extracts by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after derivatization. The antidiabetic activities of different extracts of this plant were investigated through alpha-glucosidase inhibitory (AGI) and 2-NBDG glucose uptake using 3T3-L1 cell line assays, while the antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH and FRAP assays. Its toxicological effect was investigated using the zebrafish embryo/larvae (<i>Danio rerio</i>) model. The mortality, hatchability, tail-detachment, yolk size, eye size, beat per minute (BPM), and body length were taken into account to observe the teratogenicity in all zebrafish embryos exposed to methanol extract. The LC<sub>50</sub> was determined using probit analysis. The methanol extract showed the AGI activity (IC<sub>50</sub> = 2.71 ± 0.11 μg/mL), insulin-sensitizing activity (at a concentration of 5 µg/mL), and potent antioxidant activities (IC<sub>50</sub> = 10.85 μg/mL and 72.53 mg AAE/g for DPPH and FRAP activity, respectively). Similarly, the water extract exhibited AGI activity (IC<sub>50</sub> = 6.75 μg/mL), insulin-sensitizing activity at the concentration of 10 μg/mL, and antioxidant activities (IC<sub>50</sub> = 27.12 and 33.71 μg/mL for DPPH and FRAP activity, respectively). The methanol and water extracts exhibited the LC<sub>50</sub> value higher than their therapeutic concentration, i.e., 37.50 and 252.45 µg/mL, respectively. These results indicate that both water and methanol extracts are safe and potentially an antidiabetic agent, but the former is preferable since its therapeutic index (LC<sub>50</sub>/therapeutic concentration) is much higher than for methanol extracts. Analysis using GC-MS on derivatized methanol and water extracts of <i>P. malayana</i> leaves detected partial information on some constituents including palmitic acid, 1,3,5-benzenetriol, 1-monopalmitin, beta-tocopherol, 24-epicampesterol, alpha-tocopherol, and stigmast-5-ene, that could be a potential target to further investigate the antidiabetic properties of the plant. Nevertheless, isolation and identification of the bioactive compounds are required to confirm their antidiabetic activity and toxicity.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/12/2688<i>Psychotria malayana</i> Jackantidiabetic activityantioxidant activitytoxicityGC-MSderivatization |
| spellingShingle | Tanzina Sharmin Nipun Alfi Khatib Qamar Uddin Ahmed Mohd Hamzah Mohd Nasir Farahaniza Supandi Muhammad Taher Mohd Zuwairi Saiman Preliminary Phytochemical Screening, In Vitro Antidiabetic, Antioxidant Activities, and Toxicity of Leaf Extracts of <i>Psychotria malayana</i> Jack Plants <i>Psychotria malayana</i> Jack antidiabetic activity antioxidant activity toxicity GC-MS derivatization |
| title | Preliminary Phytochemical Screening, In Vitro Antidiabetic, Antioxidant Activities, and Toxicity of Leaf Extracts of <i>Psychotria malayana</i> Jack |
| title_full | Preliminary Phytochemical Screening, In Vitro Antidiabetic, Antioxidant Activities, and Toxicity of Leaf Extracts of <i>Psychotria malayana</i> Jack |
| title_fullStr | Preliminary Phytochemical Screening, In Vitro Antidiabetic, Antioxidant Activities, and Toxicity of Leaf Extracts of <i>Psychotria malayana</i> Jack |
| title_full_unstemmed | Preliminary Phytochemical Screening, In Vitro Antidiabetic, Antioxidant Activities, and Toxicity of Leaf Extracts of <i>Psychotria malayana</i> Jack |
| title_short | Preliminary Phytochemical Screening, In Vitro Antidiabetic, Antioxidant Activities, and Toxicity of Leaf Extracts of <i>Psychotria malayana</i> Jack |
| title_sort | preliminary phytochemical screening in vitro antidiabetic antioxidant activities and toxicity of leaf extracts of i psychotria malayana i jack |
| topic | <i>Psychotria malayana</i> Jack antidiabetic activity antioxidant activity toxicity GC-MS derivatization |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/12/2688 |
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