Efficient Removal of Basic Fuchsin from Synthetic Medical Wastewater and Competitive Adsorption in the Mixture
The Ziehl-Neelsen stain is a mixture of Basic Fuchsin (BF), phenol (Ph), and methylene blue. It is used to stain the cell walls of Mycobacterium species. In this study, Basic Fuchsin was efficiently removed from synthetic wastewater using natural clay of Gankawa (GC) from Sulaimanyah city, and the e...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SAGE Publishing
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Adsorption Science & Technology |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/4672622 |
| _version_ | 1826903017891299328 |
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| author | Harez Ahmed Kareem Salihi Stephan Kaufhold Bakhtyar Aziz Musa Hama Radha Lava Karim Hevi Nooralddin |
| author_facet | Harez Ahmed Kareem Salihi Stephan Kaufhold Bakhtyar Aziz Musa Hama Radha Lava Karim Hevi Nooralddin |
| author_sort | Harez Ahmed |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Ziehl-Neelsen stain is a mixture of Basic Fuchsin (BF), phenol (Ph), and methylene blue. It is used to stain the cell walls of Mycobacterium species. In this study, Basic Fuchsin was efficiently removed from synthetic wastewater using natural clay of Gankawa (GC) from Sulaimanyah city, and the effect of the presence of high concentrations of phenol in the adsorption mixture is demonstrated. In addition, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), N2 gas adsorption analyzer, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) were used to characterize the natural clay. The clay was found to be mostly calcite, with a minor percentage of smectite, and contaminated with low percentages of illite. The adsorption kinetics show a relatively fast equilibration time (60-70 minutes). A second-order pseudokinetic model better fits the experimental kinetic data. The effect of the initial pH of the solution mixture was negligible at the experimental concentration range of the study. Freundlich and Langmuir’s adsorption isotherm models were applied to the equilibrium experimental data using nonlinear regression curve fitting. Both kinetics and isotherm studies point to a chemical adsorption mechanism for the process. For adsorption in the mixture, phenol molecules were found to compete with BF molecules for the active adsorption sites, while a synergetic effect of BF exists on phenol adsorption. As a naturally abundant cheap material, GC shows a superior adsorption capacity toward BF (287.0 mg g-1) over all natural materials and most of the synthetic or modified materials found in the literature. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T17:27:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e6cb99c36b0b4c849382726b951cb41b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2048-4038 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-02-17T07:49:25Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | SAGE Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Adsorption Science & Technology |
| spelling | doaj.art-e6cb99c36b0b4c849382726b951cb41b2025-01-03T01:19:33ZengSAGE PublishingAdsorption Science & Technology2048-40382023-01-01202310.1155/2023/4672622Efficient Removal of Basic Fuchsin from Synthetic Medical Wastewater and Competitive Adsorption in the MixtureHarez Ahmed0Kareem Salihi1Stephan Kaufhold2Bakhtyar Aziz3Musa Hama Radha4Lava Karim5Hevi Nooralddin6Department of ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryFederal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR)Department of Nano-Science and Applied ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryThe Ziehl-Neelsen stain is a mixture of Basic Fuchsin (BF), phenol (Ph), and methylene blue. It is used to stain the cell walls of Mycobacterium species. In this study, Basic Fuchsin was efficiently removed from synthetic wastewater using natural clay of Gankawa (GC) from Sulaimanyah city, and the effect of the presence of high concentrations of phenol in the adsorption mixture is demonstrated. In addition, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), N2 gas adsorption analyzer, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) were used to characterize the natural clay. The clay was found to be mostly calcite, with a minor percentage of smectite, and contaminated with low percentages of illite. The adsorption kinetics show a relatively fast equilibration time (60-70 minutes). A second-order pseudokinetic model better fits the experimental kinetic data. The effect of the initial pH of the solution mixture was negligible at the experimental concentration range of the study. Freundlich and Langmuir’s adsorption isotherm models were applied to the equilibrium experimental data using nonlinear regression curve fitting. Both kinetics and isotherm studies point to a chemical adsorption mechanism for the process. For adsorption in the mixture, phenol molecules were found to compete with BF molecules for the active adsorption sites, while a synergetic effect of BF exists on phenol adsorption. As a naturally abundant cheap material, GC shows a superior adsorption capacity toward BF (287.0 mg g-1) over all natural materials and most of the synthetic or modified materials found in the literature.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/4672622 |
| spellingShingle | Harez Ahmed Kareem Salihi Stephan Kaufhold Bakhtyar Aziz Musa Hama Radha Lava Karim Hevi Nooralddin Efficient Removal of Basic Fuchsin from Synthetic Medical Wastewater and Competitive Adsorption in the Mixture Adsorption Science & Technology |
| title | Efficient Removal of Basic Fuchsin from Synthetic Medical Wastewater and Competitive Adsorption in the Mixture |
| title_full | Efficient Removal of Basic Fuchsin from Synthetic Medical Wastewater and Competitive Adsorption in the Mixture |
| title_fullStr | Efficient Removal of Basic Fuchsin from Synthetic Medical Wastewater and Competitive Adsorption in the Mixture |
| title_full_unstemmed | Efficient Removal of Basic Fuchsin from Synthetic Medical Wastewater and Competitive Adsorption in the Mixture |
| title_short | Efficient Removal of Basic Fuchsin from Synthetic Medical Wastewater and Competitive Adsorption in the Mixture |
| title_sort | efficient removal of basic fuchsin from synthetic medical wastewater and competitive adsorption in the mixture |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/4672622 |
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