3D Bioprinted Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering: State-Of-The-Art and Emerging Technologies
Treating large bone defects, known as critical-sized defects (CSDs), is challenging because they are not spontaneously healed by the patient’s body. Due to the limitations associated with conventional bone grafts, bone tissue engineering (BTE), based on three-dimensional (3D) bioprinted scaffolds, h...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2022.824156/full |
| _version_ | 1811271810620063744 |
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| author | Zahra Yazdanpanah James D. Johnston James D. Johnston David M. L. Cooper Xiongbiao Chen Xiongbiao Chen |
| author_facet | Zahra Yazdanpanah James D. Johnston James D. Johnston David M. L. Cooper Xiongbiao Chen Xiongbiao Chen |
| author_sort | Zahra Yazdanpanah |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Treating large bone defects, known as critical-sized defects (CSDs), is challenging because they are not spontaneously healed by the patient’s body. Due to the limitations associated with conventional bone grafts, bone tissue engineering (BTE), based on three-dimensional (3D) bioprinted scaffolds, has emerged as a promising approach for bone reconstitution and treatment. Bioprinting technology allows for incorporation of living cells and/or growth factors into scaffolds aiming to mimic the structure and properties of the native bone. To date, a wide range of biomaterials (either natural or synthetic polymers), as well as various cells and growth factors, have been explored for use in scaffold bioprinting. However, a key challenge that remains is the fabrication of scaffolds that meet structure, mechanical, and osteoconductive requirements of native bone and support vascularization. In this review, we briefly present the latest developments and discoveries of CSD treatment by means of bioprinted scaffolds, with a focus on the biomaterials, cells, and growth factors for formulating bioinks and their bioprinting techniques. Promising state-of-the-art pathways or strategies recently developed for bioprinting bone scaffolds are highlighted, including the incorporation of bioactive ceramics to create composite scaffolds, the use of advanced bioprinting technologies (e.g., core/shell bioprinting) to form hybrid scaffolds or systems, as well as the rigorous design of scaffolds by taking into account of the influence of such parameters as scaffold pore geometry and porosity. We also review in-vitro assays and in-vivo models to track bone regeneration, followed by a discussion of current limitations associated with 3D bioprinting technologies for BTE. We conclude this review with emerging approaches in this field, including the development of gradient scaffolds, four-dimensional (4D) printing technology via smart materials, organoids, and cell aggregates/spheroids along with future avenues for related BTE. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T22:27:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e6d42d5a1e064714bd88641a40606ea6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-4185 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T22:27:47Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology |
| spelling | doaj.art-e6d42d5a1e064714bd88641a40606ea62022-12-22T03:14:04ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology2296-41852022-04-011010.3389/fbioe.2022.8241568241563D Bioprinted Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering: State-Of-The-Art and Emerging TechnologiesZahra Yazdanpanah0James D. Johnston1James D. Johnston2David M. L. Cooper3Xiongbiao Chen4Xiongbiao Chen5Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, CanadaDivision of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, CanadaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, CanadaDepartment of Anatomy Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, CanadaDivision of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, CanadaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, CanadaTreating large bone defects, known as critical-sized defects (CSDs), is challenging because they are not spontaneously healed by the patient’s body. Due to the limitations associated with conventional bone grafts, bone tissue engineering (BTE), based on three-dimensional (3D) bioprinted scaffolds, has emerged as a promising approach for bone reconstitution and treatment. Bioprinting technology allows for incorporation of living cells and/or growth factors into scaffolds aiming to mimic the structure and properties of the native bone. To date, a wide range of biomaterials (either natural or synthetic polymers), as well as various cells and growth factors, have been explored for use in scaffold bioprinting. However, a key challenge that remains is the fabrication of scaffolds that meet structure, mechanical, and osteoconductive requirements of native bone and support vascularization. In this review, we briefly present the latest developments and discoveries of CSD treatment by means of bioprinted scaffolds, with a focus on the biomaterials, cells, and growth factors for formulating bioinks and their bioprinting techniques. Promising state-of-the-art pathways or strategies recently developed for bioprinting bone scaffolds are highlighted, including the incorporation of bioactive ceramics to create composite scaffolds, the use of advanced bioprinting technologies (e.g., core/shell bioprinting) to form hybrid scaffolds or systems, as well as the rigorous design of scaffolds by taking into account of the influence of such parameters as scaffold pore geometry and porosity. We also review in-vitro assays and in-vivo models to track bone regeneration, followed by a discussion of current limitations associated with 3D bioprinting technologies for BTE. We conclude this review with emerging approaches in this field, including the development of gradient scaffolds, four-dimensional (4D) printing technology via smart materials, organoids, and cell aggregates/spheroids along with future avenues for related BTE.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2022.824156/fullbioprinting3D printingbone tissue engineeringscaffoldcritical-sized defect |
| spellingShingle | Zahra Yazdanpanah James D. Johnston James D. Johnston David M. L. Cooper Xiongbiao Chen Xiongbiao Chen 3D Bioprinted Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering: State-Of-The-Art and Emerging Technologies Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology bioprinting 3D printing bone tissue engineering scaffold critical-sized defect |
| title | 3D Bioprinted Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering: State-Of-The-Art and Emerging Technologies |
| title_full | 3D Bioprinted Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering: State-Of-The-Art and Emerging Technologies |
| title_fullStr | 3D Bioprinted Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering: State-Of-The-Art and Emerging Technologies |
| title_full_unstemmed | 3D Bioprinted Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering: State-Of-The-Art and Emerging Technologies |
| title_short | 3D Bioprinted Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering: State-Of-The-Art and Emerging Technologies |
| title_sort | 3d bioprinted scaffolds for bone tissue engineering state of the art and emerging technologies |
| topic | bioprinting 3D printing bone tissue engineering scaffold critical-sized defect |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2022.824156/full |
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