| Summary: | The precise characterization of the mechanisms modulating <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> survival within airway epithelial cells has been impaired by the lack of live-cell imaging technologies and user-friendly quantification approaches. Here we described the use of an automated image analysis pipeline to estimate the proportion of <i>A. fumigatus</i> spores taken up by airway epithelial cells, those contained within phagolysosomes or acidified phagosomes, along with the fungal factors contributing to these processes. Coupling the use of fluorescent <i>A. fumigatus</i> strains and fluorescent epithelial probes targeting lysosomes, acidified compartments and cell membrane, we found that both the efficacy of lysosome recruitment to phagosomes and phagosome acidification determines the capacity of airway epithelial cells to contain <i>A. fumigatus</i> growth. Overall, the capability of the airway epithelium to prevent <i>A. fumigatus</i> survival was higher in bronchial epithelial than alveolar epithelial cells. Certain <i>A. fumigatus</i> cell wall mutants influenced phagosome maturation in airway epithelial cells. Taken together, this live-cell 4D imaging approach allows observation and measurement of the very early processes of <i>A. fumigatus</i> interaction within live airway epithelial monolayers.
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