Hadron Therapy Achievements and Challenges: The CNAO Experience
Protons and carbon ions (hadrons) have useful properties for the treatments of patients affected by oncological pathologies. They are more precise than conventional X-rays and possess radiobiological characteristics suited for treating radio-resistant or inoperable tumours. This paper gives an overv...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Physics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2624-8174/4/1/17 |
| _version_ | 1797443460176805888 |
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| author | Sandro Rossi |
| author_facet | Sandro Rossi |
| author_sort | Sandro Rossi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Protons and carbon ions (hadrons) have useful properties for the treatments of patients affected by oncological pathologies. They are more precise than conventional X-rays and possess radiobiological characteristics suited for treating radio-resistant or inoperable tumours. This paper gives an overview of the status of hadron therapy around the world. It focusses on the Italian National Centre for Oncological Hadron therapy (CNAO), introducing operation procedures, system performance, expansion projects, methodologies and modelling to build individualized treatments. There is growing evidence that supports safety and effectiveness of hadron therapy for a variety of clinical situations. However, there is still a lack of high-level evidence directly comparing hadron therapy with modern conventional radiotherapy techniques. The results give an overview of pre-clinical and clinical research studies and of the treatments of 3700 patients performed at CNAO. The success and development of hadron therapy is strongly associated with the creation of networks among hadron therapy facilities, clinics, universities and research institutions. These networks guarantee the growth of cultural knowledge on hadron therapy, favour the efficient recruitment of patients and present available competences for R&D (Research and Development) programmes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:56:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e6d61caabfdd4df8a18e87129b989f65 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2624-8174 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:56:23Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Physics |
| spelling | doaj.art-e6d61caabfdd4df8a18e87129b989f652023-11-30T21:59:55ZengMDPI AGPhysics2624-81742022-02-014122925710.3390/physics4010017Hadron Therapy Achievements and Challenges: The CNAO ExperienceSandro Rossi0CNAO Foundation, Strada Campeggi 53, 27100 Pavia, ItalyProtons and carbon ions (hadrons) have useful properties for the treatments of patients affected by oncological pathologies. They are more precise than conventional X-rays and possess radiobiological characteristics suited for treating radio-resistant or inoperable tumours. This paper gives an overview of the status of hadron therapy around the world. It focusses on the Italian National Centre for Oncological Hadron therapy (CNAO), introducing operation procedures, system performance, expansion projects, methodologies and modelling to build individualized treatments. There is growing evidence that supports safety and effectiveness of hadron therapy for a variety of clinical situations. However, there is still a lack of high-level evidence directly comparing hadron therapy with modern conventional radiotherapy techniques. The results give an overview of pre-clinical and clinical research studies and of the treatments of 3700 patients performed at CNAO. The success and development of hadron therapy is strongly associated with the creation of networks among hadron therapy facilities, clinics, universities and research institutions. These networks guarantee the growth of cultural knowledge on hadron therapy, favour the efficient recruitment of patients and present available competences for R&D (Research and Development) programmes.https://www.mdpi.com/2624-8174/4/1/17hadron therapycarbon ions therapyproton therapymedical synchrotrongantry |
| spellingShingle | Sandro Rossi Hadron Therapy Achievements and Challenges: The CNAO Experience Physics hadron therapy carbon ions therapy proton therapy medical synchrotron gantry |
| title | Hadron Therapy Achievements and Challenges: The CNAO Experience |
| title_full | Hadron Therapy Achievements and Challenges: The CNAO Experience |
| title_fullStr | Hadron Therapy Achievements and Challenges: The CNAO Experience |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hadron Therapy Achievements and Challenges: The CNAO Experience |
| title_short | Hadron Therapy Achievements and Challenges: The CNAO Experience |
| title_sort | hadron therapy achievements and challenges the cnao experience |
| topic | hadron therapy carbon ions therapy proton therapy medical synchrotron gantry |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2624-8174/4/1/17 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT sandrorossi hadrontherapyachievementsandchallengesthecnaoexperience |