The Role of Dietary Intake in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Importance of Macro and Micronutrients in Glucose Homeostasis
The prevalence of Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is increasing worldwide. Genetics and lifestyle, especially diet, are contributing factors. Analyses of macro- and micronutrient intake across global populations may help to explain their impact on glucose homeostasis and disease development. To this end, 420...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-05-01
|
| Series: | Nutrients |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/10/2132 |
| _version_ | 1797497184908738560 |
|---|---|
| author | Nadia Kheriji Wided Boukhalfa Faten Mahjoub Meriem Hechmi Thouraya Dakhlaoui Mehdi Mrad Afef Hadj Salah Bahlous Nadia Ben Amor Henda Jamoussi Rym Kefi |
| author_facet | Nadia Kheriji Wided Boukhalfa Faten Mahjoub Meriem Hechmi Thouraya Dakhlaoui Mehdi Mrad Afef Hadj Salah Bahlous Nadia Ben Amor Henda Jamoussi Rym Kefi |
| author_sort | Nadia Kheriji |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The prevalence of Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is increasing worldwide. Genetics and lifestyle, especially diet, are contributing factors. Analyses of macro- and micronutrient intake across global populations may help to explain their impact on glucose homeostasis and disease development. To this end, 420 Tunisians were enrolled in a prospective cross-sectional study of daily food consumption. Various data were collected and blood samples were drawn for biochemical assay. A 24-h recall questionnaire was obtained from participants to evaluate dietary intake. Statistical analyses were conducted using Nutrilog and R software. Biochemical analyses stratified the studied population (<i>n =</i> 371) into three groups: diabetics (<i>n =</i> 106), prediabetics (<i>n =</i> 192) and controls (<i>n =</i> 73); 49 subjects were excluded. Our results showed that Tunisians had hypercaloric diets high in carbohydrates and fat with variability in the levels of some vitamins and minerals, including riboflavin and niacin, that were statistically different among groups. The lower intake of vitamin D was associated with a greater risk of T2D. Higher vitamin A and sodium intake were associated with poor glucose homeostasis, although protein intake may improve it. In perspective, nutrigenomic studies can provide insight into problematic diets and poor eating habits and offer opportunities to analyze the effects of behavioral changes that can mitigate T2D development and progression. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:13:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e6d69b14ac8e48438cae3cc85c93e6ee |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:13:50Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-e6d69b14ac8e48438cae3cc85c93e6ee2023-11-23T12:30:34ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432022-05-011410213210.3390/nu14102132The Role of Dietary Intake in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Importance of Macro and Micronutrients in Glucose HomeostasisNadia Kheriji0Wided Boukhalfa1Faten Mahjoub2Meriem Hechmi3Thouraya Dakhlaoui4Mehdi Mrad5Afef Hadj Salah Bahlous6Nadia Ben Amor7Henda Jamoussi8Rym Kefi9Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar Tunis, Tunis 1002, TunisiaLaboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar Tunis, Tunis 1002, TunisiaNational Institute of Nutrition & Food Technology of Tunis, Service “A” of Nutritional Diseases, Tunis 1007, TunisiaLaboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar Tunis, Tunis 1002, TunisiaRegional Association of Diabetics of Zaghouan-Regional Hospital of Zaghouan, Zaghwān 1100, TunisiaFaculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, EL Manar I, Tunis 2092, TunisiaFaculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, EL Manar I, Tunis 2092, TunisiaResearch Unit UR18ES01 on “Obesity”, National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Tunis 2092, TunisiaNational Institute of Nutrition & Food Technology of Tunis, Service “A” of Nutritional Diseases, Tunis 1007, TunisiaLaboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar Tunis, Tunis 1002, TunisiaThe prevalence of Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is increasing worldwide. Genetics and lifestyle, especially diet, are contributing factors. Analyses of macro- and micronutrient intake across global populations may help to explain their impact on glucose homeostasis and disease development. To this end, 420 Tunisians were enrolled in a prospective cross-sectional study of daily food consumption. Various data were collected and blood samples were drawn for biochemical assay. A 24-h recall questionnaire was obtained from participants to evaluate dietary intake. Statistical analyses were conducted using Nutrilog and R software. Biochemical analyses stratified the studied population (<i>n =</i> 371) into three groups: diabetics (<i>n =</i> 106), prediabetics (<i>n =</i> 192) and controls (<i>n =</i> 73); 49 subjects were excluded. Our results showed that Tunisians had hypercaloric diets high in carbohydrates and fat with variability in the levels of some vitamins and minerals, including riboflavin and niacin, that were statistically different among groups. The lower intake of vitamin D was associated with a greater risk of T2D. Higher vitamin A and sodium intake were associated with poor glucose homeostasis, although protein intake may improve it. In perspective, nutrigenomic studies can provide insight into problematic diets and poor eating habits and offer opportunities to analyze the effects of behavioral changes that can mitigate T2D development and progression.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/10/2132nutritiondietglucose homeostasisTunisiaNorth Africavitamins |
| spellingShingle | Nadia Kheriji Wided Boukhalfa Faten Mahjoub Meriem Hechmi Thouraya Dakhlaoui Mehdi Mrad Afef Hadj Salah Bahlous Nadia Ben Amor Henda Jamoussi Rym Kefi The Role of Dietary Intake in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Importance of Macro and Micronutrients in Glucose Homeostasis Nutrients nutrition diet glucose homeostasis Tunisia North Africa vitamins |
| title | The Role of Dietary Intake in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Importance of Macro and Micronutrients in Glucose Homeostasis |
| title_full | The Role of Dietary Intake in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Importance of Macro and Micronutrients in Glucose Homeostasis |
| title_fullStr | The Role of Dietary Intake in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Importance of Macro and Micronutrients in Glucose Homeostasis |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Role of Dietary Intake in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Importance of Macro and Micronutrients in Glucose Homeostasis |
| title_short | The Role of Dietary Intake in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Importance of Macro and Micronutrients in Glucose Homeostasis |
| title_sort | role of dietary intake in type 2 diabetes mellitus importance of macro and micronutrients in glucose homeostasis |
| topic | nutrition diet glucose homeostasis Tunisia North Africa vitamins |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/10/2132 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT nadiakheriji theroleofdietaryintakeintype2diabetesmellitusimportanceofmacroandmicronutrientsinglucosehomeostasis AT widedboukhalfa theroleofdietaryintakeintype2diabetesmellitusimportanceofmacroandmicronutrientsinglucosehomeostasis AT fatenmahjoub theroleofdietaryintakeintype2diabetesmellitusimportanceofmacroandmicronutrientsinglucosehomeostasis AT meriemhechmi theroleofdietaryintakeintype2diabetesmellitusimportanceofmacroandmicronutrientsinglucosehomeostasis AT thourayadakhlaoui theroleofdietaryintakeintype2diabetesmellitusimportanceofmacroandmicronutrientsinglucosehomeostasis AT mehdimrad theroleofdietaryintakeintype2diabetesmellitusimportanceofmacroandmicronutrientsinglucosehomeostasis AT afefhadjsalahbahlous theroleofdietaryintakeintype2diabetesmellitusimportanceofmacroandmicronutrientsinglucosehomeostasis AT nadiabenamor theroleofdietaryintakeintype2diabetesmellitusimportanceofmacroandmicronutrientsinglucosehomeostasis AT hendajamoussi theroleofdietaryintakeintype2diabetesmellitusimportanceofmacroandmicronutrientsinglucosehomeostasis AT rymkefi theroleofdietaryintakeintype2diabetesmellitusimportanceofmacroandmicronutrientsinglucosehomeostasis AT nadiakheriji roleofdietaryintakeintype2diabetesmellitusimportanceofmacroandmicronutrientsinglucosehomeostasis AT widedboukhalfa roleofdietaryintakeintype2diabetesmellitusimportanceofmacroandmicronutrientsinglucosehomeostasis AT fatenmahjoub roleofdietaryintakeintype2diabetesmellitusimportanceofmacroandmicronutrientsinglucosehomeostasis AT meriemhechmi roleofdietaryintakeintype2diabetesmellitusimportanceofmacroandmicronutrientsinglucosehomeostasis AT thourayadakhlaoui roleofdietaryintakeintype2diabetesmellitusimportanceofmacroandmicronutrientsinglucosehomeostasis AT mehdimrad roleofdietaryintakeintype2diabetesmellitusimportanceofmacroandmicronutrientsinglucosehomeostasis AT afefhadjsalahbahlous roleofdietaryintakeintype2diabetesmellitusimportanceofmacroandmicronutrientsinglucosehomeostasis AT nadiabenamor roleofdietaryintakeintype2diabetesmellitusimportanceofmacroandmicronutrientsinglucosehomeostasis AT hendajamoussi roleofdietaryintakeintype2diabetesmellitusimportanceofmacroandmicronutrientsinglucosehomeostasis AT rymkefi roleofdietaryintakeintype2diabetesmellitusimportanceofmacroandmicronutrientsinglucosehomeostasis |