Snack food intake in ad libitum fed rats is triggered by the combination of fat and carbohydrates
Snack food like potato chips substantially contributes to energy intake in humans. In contrast to basic food, snacks are consumed additionally to other meals and may thereby lead to non-homeostatic energy intake. Snack food is also frequently associated with hedonic hyperphagia, a food intake indepe...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2014-03-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Psychology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00250/full |
| _version_ | 1819292617039413248 |
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| author | Tobias eHoch Monika ePischetsrieder Andreas eHess |
| author_facet | Tobias eHoch Monika ePischetsrieder Andreas eHess |
| author_sort | Tobias eHoch |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Snack food like potato chips substantially contributes to energy intake in humans. In contrast to basic food, snacks are consumed additionally to other meals and may thereby lead to non-homeostatic energy intake. Snack food is also frequently associated with hedonic hyperphagia, a food intake independent from hunger.<br/>Analysis of brain activity patterns by manganese-enhanced MRI has previously revealed that the intake of potato chips in ad libitum fed rats strongly activates the reward system of the rat brain, which may lead to hedonic hyperphagia. The purpose of the present study was to develop a two-choice preference test to identify molecular determinants of snack food triggering extra food intake in ad libitum fed rats. Different kinds of test food were presented three times a day for ten minutes each time. To minimize the influence of organoleptic properties, each test food was applied in a homogenous mixture with standard chow. Food intake as well as food intake-related locomotor activity were analyzed to evaluate the effects induced by the test foods in the two-choice preference test.<br/>In summary, fat (F), carbohydrates (CH), and a mixture of fat and carbohydrates (FCH) led to a higher food intake compared to standard chow. Notably, potato chips (PC) were highly significantly preferred over standard chow (STD) and also over their single main macronutrients F and CH. Only FCH induced an intake comparable to PC. Despite their low energy density, fat-free potato chips (ffPC) were also highly significantly preferred over STD and CH, but not over F, FCH and PC.<br/>Thus, it can be concluded that the combination of fat and carbohydrates is a major molecular determinant of potato chips triggering hedonic hyperphagia. The applied two-choice preference test will facilitate future studies on stimulating and suppressive effects of other food components on non-homeostatic food intake.<br/> |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-24T03:57:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e6db98f17fb84114bbb3e89e5e47d6cb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-1078 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-24T03:57:22Z |
| publishDate | 2014-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Psychology |
| spelling | doaj.art-e6db98f17fb84114bbb3e89e5e47d6cb2022-12-21T17:16:25ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychology1664-10782014-03-01510.3389/fpsyg.2014.0025079123Snack food intake in ad libitum fed rats is triggered by the combination of fat and carbohydratesTobias eHoch0Monika ePischetsrieder1Andreas eHess2Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-NürnbergFriedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-NürnbergFriedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)Snack food like potato chips substantially contributes to energy intake in humans. In contrast to basic food, snacks are consumed additionally to other meals and may thereby lead to non-homeostatic energy intake. Snack food is also frequently associated with hedonic hyperphagia, a food intake independent from hunger.<br/>Analysis of brain activity patterns by manganese-enhanced MRI has previously revealed that the intake of potato chips in ad libitum fed rats strongly activates the reward system of the rat brain, which may lead to hedonic hyperphagia. The purpose of the present study was to develop a two-choice preference test to identify molecular determinants of snack food triggering extra food intake in ad libitum fed rats. Different kinds of test food were presented three times a day for ten minutes each time. To minimize the influence of organoleptic properties, each test food was applied in a homogenous mixture with standard chow. Food intake as well as food intake-related locomotor activity were analyzed to evaluate the effects induced by the test foods in the two-choice preference test.<br/>In summary, fat (F), carbohydrates (CH), and a mixture of fat and carbohydrates (FCH) led to a higher food intake compared to standard chow. Notably, potato chips (PC) were highly significantly preferred over standard chow (STD) and also over their single main macronutrients F and CH. Only FCH induced an intake comparable to PC. Despite their low energy density, fat-free potato chips (ffPC) were also highly significantly preferred over STD and CH, but not over F, FCH and PC.<br/>Thus, it can be concluded that the combination of fat and carbohydrates is a major molecular determinant of potato chips triggering hedonic hyperphagia. The applied two-choice preference test will facilitate future studies on stimulating and suppressive effects of other food components on non-homeostatic food intake.<br/>http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00250/fullratmacronutrientsfood intakeeating behaviorsnack foodpreference test |
| spellingShingle | Tobias eHoch Monika ePischetsrieder Andreas eHess Snack food intake in ad libitum fed rats is triggered by the combination of fat and carbohydrates Frontiers in Psychology rat macronutrients food intake eating behavior snack food preference test |
| title | Snack food intake in ad libitum fed rats is triggered by the combination of fat and carbohydrates |
| title_full | Snack food intake in ad libitum fed rats is triggered by the combination of fat and carbohydrates |
| title_fullStr | Snack food intake in ad libitum fed rats is triggered by the combination of fat and carbohydrates |
| title_full_unstemmed | Snack food intake in ad libitum fed rats is triggered by the combination of fat and carbohydrates |
| title_short | Snack food intake in ad libitum fed rats is triggered by the combination of fat and carbohydrates |
| title_sort | snack food intake in ad libitum fed rats is triggered by the combination of fat and carbohydrates |
| topic | rat macronutrients food intake eating behavior snack food preference test |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00250/full |
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