Chemical Composition, Market Survey, and Safety Assessment of Blue Lotus (<i>Nymphaea caerulea</i> Savigny) Extracts
Blue lotus, also known as <i>Nymphaea caerulea</i> (Nymphaeaceae), is a water lily found globally in lakes and rivers. With its long history of use in Egyptian culture, blue lotus has been associated with spiritual rituals and health benefits. Nowadays, blue lotus is still consumed as a...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/20/7014 |
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| author | Noura S. Dosoky Sara A. Shah Joseph T. Dawson Sushant Sharma Banjara Ambika Poudel Cécile Bascoul Prabodh Satyal |
| author_facet | Noura S. Dosoky Sara A. Shah Joseph T. Dawson Sushant Sharma Banjara Ambika Poudel Cécile Bascoul Prabodh Satyal |
| author_sort | Noura S. Dosoky |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Blue lotus, also known as <i>Nymphaea caerulea</i> (Nymphaeaceae), is a water lily found globally in lakes and rivers. With its long history of use in Egyptian culture, blue lotus has been associated with spiritual rituals and health benefits. Nowadays, blue lotus is still consumed as a tea or tincture to induce relaxation and heightened spiritual awareness. In this study, six authentic <i>N. caerulea</i> extracts from trusted sources and eleven commercial products were analyzed using gas chromatography−mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Authentic blue lotus extracts were produced in industrial settings. Overall, the extracts were a mixture of aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic alcohols, fatty acids, phenyl derivatives, diterpenoids, phytosterols, and stigmastanes. Apomorphine and nuciferine, which are responsible for psychoactive effects of the blue lotus flower, were virtually absent from the authentic blue lotus extract. Although blue lotus has a long history of use, the safety data on the plant and its extracts is limited; however, together with the analytical data, the available information does not indicate major safety concerns for the topical application of authentic blue lotus flower concrete or absolute when diluted as a fragrance ingredient. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:01:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e6e66164a9914ea887012e49f7a7bbaa |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:01:06Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-e6e66164a9914ea887012e49f7a7bbaa2023-11-19T17:31:28ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492023-10-012820701410.3390/molecules28207014Chemical Composition, Market Survey, and Safety Assessment of Blue Lotus (<i>Nymphaea caerulea</i> Savigny) ExtractsNoura S. Dosoky0Sara A. Shah1Joseph T. Dawson2Sushant Sharma Banjara3Ambika Poudel4Cécile Bascoul5Prabodh Satyal6Essential Oil Science, dōTERRA International, Pleasant Grove, UT 84062, USAProduct Safety, dōTERRA International, Pleasant Grove, UT 84062, USAProduct Safety, dōTERRA International, Pleasant Grove, UT 84062, USAEssential Oil Science, dōTERRA International, Pleasant Grove, UT 84062, USAEssential Oil Science, dōTERRA International, Pleasant Grove, UT 84062, USAProduct Safety, dōTERRA International, Pleasant Grove, UT 84062, USAEssential Oil Science, dōTERRA International, Pleasant Grove, UT 84062, USABlue lotus, also known as <i>Nymphaea caerulea</i> (Nymphaeaceae), is a water lily found globally in lakes and rivers. With its long history of use in Egyptian culture, blue lotus has been associated with spiritual rituals and health benefits. Nowadays, blue lotus is still consumed as a tea or tincture to induce relaxation and heightened spiritual awareness. In this study, six authentic <i>N. caerulea</i> extracts from trusted sources and eleven commercial products were analyzed using gas chromatography−mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Authentic blue lotus extracts were produced in industrial settings. Overall, the extracts were a mixture of aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic alcohols, fatty acids, phenyl derivatives, diterpenoids, phytosterols, and stigmastanes. Apomorphine and nuciferine, which are responsible for psychoactive effects of the blue lotus flower, were virtually absent from the authentic blue lotus extract. Although blue lotus has a long history of use, the safety data on the plant and its extracts is limited; however, together with the analytical data, the available information does not indicate major safety concerns for the topical application of authentic blue lotus flower concrete or absolute when diluted as a fragrance ingredient.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/20/7014blue lotuswater lily<i>Nymphaea caerulea</i>aquatic plants |
| spellingShingle | Noura S. Dosoky Sara A. Shah Joseph T. Dawson Sushant Sharma Banjara Ambika Poudel Cécile Bascoul Prabodh Satyal Chemical Composition, Market Survey, and Safety Assessment of Blue Lotus (<i>Nymphaea caerulea</i> Savigny) Extracts Molecules blue lotus water lily <i>Nymphaea caerulea</i> aquatic plants |
| title | Chemical Composition, Market Survey, and Safety Assessment of Blue Lotus (<i>Nymphaea caerulea</i> Savigny) Extracts |
| title_full | Chemical Composition, Market Survey, and Safety Assessment of Blue Lotus (<i>Nymphaea caerulea</i> Savigny) Extracts |
| title_fullStr | Chemical Composition, Market Survey, and Safety Assessment of Blue Lotus (<i>Nymphaea caerulea</i> Savigny) Extracts |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chemical Composition, Market Survey, and Safety Assessment of Blue Lotus (<i>Nymphaea caerulea</i> Savigny) Extracts |
| title_short | Chemical Composition, Market Survey, and Safety Assessment of Blue Lotus (<i>Nymphaea caerulea</i> Savigny) Extracts |
| title_sort | chemical composition market survey and safety assessment of blue lotus i nymphaea caerulea i savigny extracts |
| topic | blue lotus water lily <i>Nymphaea caerulea</i> aquatic plants |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/20/7014 |
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