Fluctuation of the ecological niche of Moringa peregrina (Forssk.) Fiori with topoclimatic heterogeneity in southern Iran
Heterogeneity can be studied for any dynamic or fixed environmental factors over time. However, determining the extent of heterogeneity occurrence in terms of habitat suitability, variability of dynamic and fixed factors, as well as landform role is an issue that has received less attention. This st...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Italian Society of Silviculture and Forest Ecology (SISEF)
2023-02-01
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| Series: | iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry |
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| Online Access: | https://iforest.sisef.org/contents/?id=ifor4196-015 |
| _version_ | 1797904742234456064 |
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| author | Piri Sahragard H Karami P Ajorlo M |
| author_facet | Piri Sahragard H Karami P Ajorlo M |
| author_sort | Piri Sahragard H |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Heterogeneity can be studied for any dynamic or fixed environmental factors over time. However, determining the extent of heterogeneity occurrence in terms of habitat suitability, variability of dynamic and fixed factors, as well as landform role is an issue that has received less attention. This study aimed to investigate the distribution of Moringa peregrina at two climate change scenarios, to identify the Region of High Heterogenetic (ROHH) of the habitats in those scenarios and to ascertain the heterogeneity of habitat variables of the species in southern Iran. The current and potential distributions of the species in mild and severe climate change scenarios of 2050 and 2070, respectively, were modeled through the Ensemble technique using the climatic and topographic (topoclimatic) variables. The current distribution with four predictions of mild to severe Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP2.5, RCP4.5, RCP6.0 and RCP8.5) were entered into the principal component analysis (PCA) each year to achieve the heterogeneity of distribution. Then, the ROHH was calculated for areas with fluctuations of more than 50%. The topoclimatic variables in the ROHH were compared with the value of each variable in the current distribution in different landforms. The climatic variables of temperature seasonality and mean diurnal range had the greatest impact on M. peregrina distribution. There was more than 90% spatial agreement between the species current and potential distributions under different climate change scenarios (minimum Kappa = 0.9). In climate change scenarios, increase in species distribution is mainly limited by reduced rainfall, high temperature and altitude. The heterogeneity of habitat variables varied greatly in the ROHH and current presence points, indicating the species attempt to occupy new ecological niches. The highest distribution of the species was in the canyons and mountain tops, and the species seeks to occupy these areas in the ROHH. The magnitude of fluctuations of habitat variables at the presence points and the ROHH was different, indicating the species crossing the current niche range to establish in new niche. The mean diurnal range (Bio2) and annual precipitation (Bio12) variables had the lowest heterogeneity in 2050 and 2070 scenarios. This study reports that the fluctuation of habitat variables in areas with high heterogeneity was different from the current distribution range of M. peregrina. No significant fluctuation was found in the distribution range of the species in climate change scenarios. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T09:53:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e6e691841cd148bdab514a3b23ce2344 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1971-7458 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T09:53:42Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | Italian Society of Silviculture and Forest Ecology (SISEF) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry |
| spelling | doaj.art-e6e691841cd148bdab514a3b23ce23442023-02-16T14:52:06ZengItalian Society of Silviculture and Forest Ecology (SISEF)iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry1971-74582023-02-01161536110.3832/ifor4196-0154196Fluctuation of the ecological niche of Moringa peregrina (Forssk.) Fiori with topoclimatic heterogeneity in southern IranPiri Sahragard H0Karami P1Ajorlo M2Department of Rangeland and Watershed Management, Faculty of Soil and Water, University of Zabol, Zabol - IranDepartment of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment Sciences, Malayer University, Malayer - IranDepartment of Rangeland and Watershed Management, Faculty of Soil and Water, University of Zabol, Zabol - IranHeterogeneity can be studied for any dynamic or fixed environmental factors over time. However, determining the extent of heterogeneity occurrence in terms of habitat suitability, variability of dynamic and fixed factors, as well as landform role is an issue that has received less attention. This study aimed to investigate the distribution of Moringa peregrina at two climate change scenarios, to identify the Region of High Heterogenetic (ROHH) of the habitats in those scenarios and to ascertain the heterogeneity of habitat variables of the species in southern Iran. The current and potential distributions of the species in mild and severe climate change scenarios of 2050 and 2070, respectively, were modeled through the Ensemble technique using the climatic and topographic (topoclimatic) variables. The current distribution with four predictions of mild to severe Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP2.5, RCP4.5, RCP6.0 and RCP8.5) were entered into the principal component analysis (PCA) each year to achieve the heterogeneity of distribution. Then, the ROHH was calculated for areas with fluctuations of more than 50%. The topoclimatic variables in the ROHH were compared with the value of each variable in the current distribution in different landforms. The climatic variables of temperature seasonality and mean diurnal range had the greatest impact on M. peregrina distribution. There was more than 90% spatial agreement between the species current and potential distributions under different climate change scenarios (minimum Kappa = 0.9). In climate change scenarios, increase in species distribution is mainly limited by reduced rainfall, high temperature and altitude. The heterogeneity of habitat variables varied greatly in the ROHH and current presence points, indicating the species attempt to occupy new ecological niches. The highest distribution of the species was in the canyons and mountain tops, and the species seeks to occupy these areas in the ROHH. The magnitude of fluctuations of habitat variables at the presence points and the ROHH was different, indicating the species crossing the current niche range to establish in new niche. The mean diurnal range (Bio2) and annual precipitation (Bio12) variables had the lowest heterogeneity in 2050 and 2070 scenarios. This study reports that the fluctuation of habitat variables in areas with high heterogeneity was different from the current distribution range of M. peregrina. No significant fluctuation was found in the distribution range of the species in climate change scenarios.https://iforest.sisef.org/contents/?id=ifor4196-015Environmental HeterogeneityClimate ChangeRegion of High HeterogeneticClimatic Variables |
| spellingShingle | Piri Sahragard H Karami P Ajorlo M Fluctuation of the ecological niche of Moringa peregrina (Forssk.) Fiori with topoclimatic heterogeneity in southern Iran iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry Environmental Heterogeneity Climate Change Region of High Heterogenetic Climatic Variables |
| title | Fluctuation of the ecological niche of Moringa peregrina (Forssk.) Fiori with topoclimatic heterogeneity in southern Iran |
| title_full | Fluctuation of the ecological niche of Moringa peregrina (Forssk.) Fiori with topoclimatic heterogeneity in southern Iran |
| title_fullStr | Fluctuation of the ecological niche of Moringa peregrina (Forssk.) Fiori with topoclimatic heterogeneity in southern Iran |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fluctuation of the ecological niche of Moringa peregrina (Forssk.) Fiori with topoclimatic heterogeneity in southern Iran |
| title_short | Fluctuation of the ecological niche of Moringa peregrina (Forssk.) Fiori with topoclimatic heterogeneity in southern Iran |
| title_sort | fluctuation of the ecological niche of moringa peregrina forssk fiori with topoclimatic heterogeneity in southern iran |
| topic | Environmental Heterogeneity Climate Change Region of High Heterogenetic Climatic Variables |
| url | https://iforest.sisef.org/contents/?id=ifor4196-015 |
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