Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosis in a Girl Child: Immunochemical Evaluation of Tissue Material Obtained from Repeated Arthroplasty Surgeries
Temporomandibular joint ankylosis (TMJA) is a rare, but debilitating, condition that leads to TMJ joint hypomobility. Surgery is the mainstay for treatment, which is accompanied by rehabilitative and psychological support. Despite the advances in surgical techniques, the recurrence of TMJA post-surg...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Dentistry Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6767/11/1/16 |
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| author | Nityanand Jain Mara Pilmane Andrejs Skagers Shivani Jain Pavlo Fedirko |
| author_facet | Nityanand Jain Mara Pilmane Andrejs Skagers Shivani Jain Pavlo Fedirko |
| author_sort | Nityanand Jain |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Temporomandibular joint ankylosis (TMJA) is a rare, but debilitating, condition that leads to TMJ joint hypomobility. Surgery is the mainstay for treatment, which is accompanied by rehabilitative and psychological support. Despite the advances in surgical techniques, the recurrence of TMJA post-surgery has been reported as a common complication. Therefore, it becomes essential to investigate and understand the histo-morpho-pathological processes governing these ankylotic changes. Given the lack of such studies in the literature, herein we present a case of a girl child who underwent primary surgery at the age of six years, followed by a second surgery at the age of twelve years. Ankylotic tissue samples collected during both surgeries were studied using various immunohistochemical markers for tissue remodeling, inflammation, antimicrobial activity, and transcriptional regulation. The expression of MMP-2 and -9 was downregulated in repeated surgery materials, whilst MMP-13 was rarely detected in both tissues. Strong MMP-8, TIMP-2, and TIMP-4 expressions were noted in both tissues, showing their anti-inflammatory and protective roles. Moderately strong expression of bFGF, FGFR-1, IL-1α, and TNF-α could indicate sustained tissue growth in the background of inflammation (wound healing). Interestingly, the expression of β-defensin-2 was found to be constant in both tissues, thereby indicating possible ECM remodeling and collagen breakdown. Finally, a moderate expression of RUNX-2, coupled with a low expression of WNT-1 and -3a, could indicate a slow and delayed bone regeneration process. Our results showcase the complex myriad of pathways that could be involved in the progression of TMJA and post-surgery healing processes. Immunopathological studies could aid in improving the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis for patients affected with TMJA. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:04:13Z |
| format | Article |
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| issn | 2304-6767 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:04:13Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Dentistry Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-e6e7ee2b7ecc4e83868906df5be87f592023-11-30T21:51:01ZengMDPI AGDentistry Journal2304-67672023-01-011111610.3390/dj11010016Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosis in a Girl Child: Immunochemical Evaluation of Tissue Material Obtained from Repeated Arthroplasty SurgeriesNityanand Jain0Mara Pilmane1Andrejs Skagers2Shivani Jain3Pavlo Fedirko4Department of Morphology, Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Riga Stradiņš University, Dzirciema Street 16, LV-1007 Riga, LatviaDepartment of Morphology, Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Riga Stradiņš University, Dzirciema Street 16, LV-1007 Riga, LatviaDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Riga Stradiņš University, Dzirciema Street 16, LV-1007 Riga, LatviaDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Implantology, Genesis Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Ferozepur 152002, Punjab, IndiaInstitute of Radiation Hygiene and Epidemiology, State Institution-National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Illenka Street 53, 04050 Kyiv, UkraineTemporomandibular joint ankylosis (TMJA) is a rare, but debilitating, condition that leads to TMJ joint hypomobility. Surgery is the mainstay for treatment, which is accompanied by rehabilitative and psychological support. Despite the advances in surgical techniques, the recurrence of TMJA post-surgery has been reported as a common complication. Therefore, it becomes essential to investigate and understand the histo-morpho-pathological processes governing these ankylotic changes. Given the lack of such studies in the literature, herein we present a case of a girl child who underwent primary surgery at the age of six years, followed by a second surgery at the age of twelve years. Ankylotic tissue samples collected during both surgeries were studied using various immunohistochemical markers for tissue remodeling, inflammation, antimicrobial activity, and transcriptional regulation. The expression of MMP-2 and -9 was downregulated in repeated surgery materials, whilst MMP-13 was rarely detected in both tissues. Strong MMP-8, TIMP-2, and TIMP-4 expressions were noted in both tissues, showing their anti-inflammatory and protective roles. Moderately strong expression of bFGF, FGFR-1, IL-1α, and TNF-α could indicate sustained tissue growth in the background of inflammation (wound healing). Interestingly, the expression of β-defensin-2 was found to be constant in both tissues, thereby indicating possible ECM remodeling and collagen breakdown. Finally, a moderate expression of RUNX-2, coupled with a low expression of WNT-1 and -3a, could indicate a slow and delayed bone regeneration process. Our results showcase the complex myriad of pathways that could be involved in the progression of TMJA and post-surgery healing processes. Immunopathological studies could aid in improving the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis for patients affected with TMJA.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6767/11/1/16TMJtemporomandibular jointankylosisimmunohistochemistrytissue remodelinggrowth factors |
| spellingShingle | Nityanand Jain Mara Pilmane Andrejs Skagers Shivani Jain Pavlo Fedirko Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosis in a Girl Child: Immunochemical Evaluation of Tissue Material Obtained from Repeated Arthroplasty Surgeries Dentistry Journal TMJ temporomandibular joint ankylosis immunohistochemistry tissue remodeling growth factors |
| title | Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosis in a Girl Child: Immunochemical Evaluation of Tissue Material Obtained from Repeated Arthroplasty Surgeries |
| title_full | Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosis in a Girl Child: Immunochemical Evaluation of Tissue Material Obtained from Repeated Arthroplasty Surgeries |
| title_fullStr | Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosis in a Girl Child: Immunochemical Evaluation of Tissue Material Obtained from Repeated Arthroplasty Surgeries |
| title_full_unstemmed | Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosis in a Girl Child: Immunochemical Evaluation of Tissue Material Obtained from Repeated Arthroplasty Surgeries |
| title_short | Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosis in a Girl Child: Immunochemical Evaluation of Tissue Material Obtained from Repeated Arthroplasty Surgeries |
| title_sort | temporomandibular joint ankylosis in a girl child immunochemical evaluation of tissue material obtained from repeated arthroplasty surgeries |
| topic | TMJ temporomandibular joint ankylosis immunohistochemistry tissue remodeling growth factors |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6767/11/1/16 |
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