Impact of Diversified Chemical and Biostimulator Protection on Yield, Health Status, Mycotoxin Level, and Economic Profitability in Spring Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) Cultivation
Biostimulators with chemical protection are a challenge in sustainable agriculture to obtain high yield, healthy, and pesticide-free wheat. The aim of this four-year spring wheat field experiment was to assess the effectivity of using herbicide, mixed fungicides protection, and a humic biostimulator...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-01-01
|
| Series: | Agronomy |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/2/258 |
| _version_ | 1797483768289689600 |
|---|---|
| author | Bozena Lozowicka Piotr Iwaniuk Rafal Konecki Piotr Kaczynski Nurlan Kuldybayev Yerlan Dutbayev |
| author_facet | Bozena Lozowicka Piotr Iwaniuk Rafal Konecki Piotr Kaczynski Nurlan Kuldybayev Yerlan Dutbayev |
| author_sort | Bozena Lozowicka |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Biostimulators with chemical protection are a challenge in sustainable agriculture to obtain high yield, healthy, and pesticide-free wheat. The aim of this four-year spring wheat field experiment was to assess the effectivity of using herbicide, mixed fungicides protection, and a humic biostimulator. The following treatments were tested: biostimulator (S), sulfosulfuron (H), H + S, H + propiconazole + cyproconazole/spiroxamin + tebuconazole + triadimenol (H + F1 + F2), and H + F1 + F2 + S. Evaluations of wheat yield and fungal diseases (Septoria tritici blotch, eyespot, sharp eyespot, <i>Fusarium</i> spp.) were performed using visual and qPCR methods. Thirteen mycotoxins were analyzed by LC–MS/MS. Infestations of six weeds were examined visually. Temperatures and precipitation data of the vegetative seasons were monitored. Precipitation most affected the occurrence of leaf diseases despite the same chemical/biostimulator treatments (up to 48% Septoria tritici blotch severity for the S treatment). The highest mean yield was obtained for H + F1 + F2 + S (5.27 t ha<sup>−1</sup>), while the lowest level of mycotoxins was obtained for H + F1 + F2 (221.68 µg kg<sup>−1</sup>). For H + S, a greater reduction of mycotoxins was determined compared to the H treatment (27.18%), as well as a higher severity of eyespot (18%) and sharp eyespot (24%). In 2017–2020, the most effective reduction of weed infestation and <i>Fusarium</i> spp. DNA on ears was indicated for H + F1 + F2 (16 g and 0.88 pg g<sup>−1</sup> DNA, respectively). The greatest saved production value (196.15€) was determined for H + F1 + F2 + S. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:51:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e6e83272d1fa40f0bf17186efb003ad8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:51:47Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-e6e83272d1fa40f0bf17186efb003ad82023-11-23T18:18:49ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952022-01-0112225810.3390/agronomy12020258Impact of Diversified Chemical and Biostimulator Protection on Yield, Health Status, Mycotoxin Level, and Economic Profitability in Spring Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) CultivationBozena Lozowicka0Piotr Iwaniuk1Rafal Konecki2Piotr Kaczynski3Nurlan Kuldybayev4Yerlan Dutbayev5Institute of Plant Protection–National Research Institute, Chelmonskiego 22 Street, 15-195 Bialystok, PolandInstitute of Plant Protection–National Research Institute, Chelmonskiego 22 Street, 15-195 Bialystok, PolandInstitute of Plant Protection–National Research Institute, Chelmonskiego 22 Street, 15-195 Bialystok, PolandInstitute of Plant Protection–National Research Institute, Chelmonskiego 22 Street, 15-195 Bialystok, PolandDepartment of Plant Protection, Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Abai Avenue 8, Almaty 050010, KazakhstanDepartment of Plant Protection, Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Abai Avenue 8, Almaty 050010, KazakhstanBiostimulators with chemical protection are a challenge in sustainable agriculture to obtain high yield, healthy, and pesticide-free wheat. The aim of this four-year spring wheat field experiment was to assess the effectivity of using herbicide, mixed fungicides protection, and a humic biostimulator. The following treatments were tested: biostimulator (S), sulfosulfuron (H), H + S, H + propiconazole + cyproconazole/spiroxamin + tebuconazole + triadimenol (H + F1 + F2), and H + F1 + F2 + S. Evaluations of wheat yield and fungal diseases (Septoria tritici blotch, eyespot, sharp eyespot, <i>Fusarium</i> spp.) were performed using visual and qPCR methods. Thirteen mycotoxins were analyzed by LC–MS/MS. Infestations of six weeds were examined visually. Temperatures and precipitation data of the vegetative seasons were monitored. Precipitation most affected the occurrence of leaf diseases despite the same chemical/biostimulator treatments (up to 48% Septoria tritici blotch severity for the S treatment). The highest mean yield was obtained for H + F1 + F2 + S (5.27 t ha<sup>−1</sup>), while the lowest level of mycotoxins was obtained for H + F1 + F2 (221.68 µg kg<sup>−1</sup>). For H + S, a greater reduction of mycotoxins was determined compared to the H treatment (27.18%), as well as a higher severity of eyespot (18%) and sharp eyespot (24%). In 2017–2020, the most effective reduction of weed infestation and <i>Fusarium</i> spp. DNA on ears was indicated for H + F1 + F2 (16 g and 0.88 pg g<sup>−1</sup> DNA, respectively). The greatest saved production value (196.15€) was determined for H + F1 + F2 + S.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/2/258biostimulatorfungal diseasesmycotoxinspesticides |
| spellingShingle | Bozena Lozowicka Piotr Iwaniuk Rafal Konecki Piotr Kaczynski Nurlan Kuldybayev Yerlan Dutbayev Impact of Diversified Chemical and Biostimulator Protection on Yield, Health Status, Mycotoxin Level, and Economic Profitability in Spring Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) Cultivation Agronomy biostimulator fungal diseases mycotoxins pesticides |
| title | Impact of Diversified Chemical and Biostimulator Protection on Yield, Health Status, Mycotoxin Level, and Economic Profitability in Spring Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) Cultivation |
| title_full | Impact of Diversified Chemical and Biostimulator Protection on Yield, Health Status, Mycotoxin Level, and Economic Profitability in Spring Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) Cultivation |
| title_fullStr | Impact of Diversified Chemical and Biostimulator Protection on Yield, Health Status, Mycotoxin Level, and Economic Profitability in Spring Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) Cultivation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of Diversified Chemical and Biostimulator Protection on Yield, Health Status, Mycotoxin Level, and Economic Profitability in Spring Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) Cultivation |
| title_short | Impact of Diversified Chemical and Biostimulator Protection on Yield, Health Status, Mycotoxin Level, and Economic Profitability in Spring Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) Cultivation |
| title_sort | impact of diversified chemical and biostimulator protection on yield health status mycotoxin level and economic profitability in spring wheat i triticum aestivum i l cultivation |
| topic | biostimulator fungal diseases mycotoxins pesticides |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/2/258 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT bozenalozowicka impactofdiversifiedchemicalandbiostimulatorprotectiononyieldhealthstatusmycotoxinlevelandeconomicprofitabilityinspringwheatitriticumaestivumilcultivation AT piotriwaniuk impactofdiversifiedchemicalandbiostimulatorprotectiononyieldhealthstatusmycotoxinlevelandeconomicprofitabilityinspringwheatitriticumaestivumilcultivation AT rafalkonecki impactofdiversifiedchemicalandbiostimulatorprotectiononyieldhealthstatusmycotoxinlevelandeconomicprofitabilityinspringwheatitriticumaestivumilcultivation AT piotrkaczynski impactofdiversifiedchemicalandbiostimulatorprotectiononyieldhealthstatusmycotoxinlevelandeconomicprofitabilityinspringwheatitriticumaestivumilcultivation AT nurlankuldybayev impactofdiversifiedchemicalandbiostimulatorprotectiononyieldhealthstatusmycotoxinlevelandeconomicprofitabilityinspringwheatitriticumaestivumilcultivation AT yerlandutbayev impactofdiversifiedchemicalandbiostimulatorprotectiononyieldhealthstatusmycotoxinlevelandeconomicprofitabilityinspringwheatitriticumaestivumilcultivation |