<i>Salmonella</i>-Based Therapy Targeting Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Restructures the Immune Contexture to Improve Checkpoint Blockade Efficacy
Therapeutic options for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment have changed dramatically in recent years with the advent of novel immunotherapeutic approaches. Among these, immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) using monoclonal antibodies has shown tremendous promise in approximately 20% of patient...
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MDPI AG
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Biomedicines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/8/12/617 |
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| author | Nancy D. Ebelt Edith Zuniga Monica Marzagalli Vic Zamloot Bruce R. Blazar Ravi Salgia Edwin R. Manuel |
| author_facet | Nancy D. Ebelt Edith Zuniga Monica Marzagalli Vic Zamloot Bruce R. Blazar Ravi Salgia Edwin R. Manuel |
| author_sort | Nancy D. Ebelt |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Therapeutic options for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment have changed dramatically in recent years with the advent of novel immunotherapeutic approaches. Among these, immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) using monoclonal antibodies has shown tremendous promise in approximately 20% of patients. In order to better predict patients that will respond to ICB treatment, biomarkers such as tumor-associated CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell frequency, tumor checkpoint protein status and mutational burden have been utilized, however, with mixed success. In this study, we hypothesized that significantly altering the suppressive tumor immune landscape in NSCLC could potentially improve ICB efficacy. Using sub-therapeutic doses of our <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i>-based therapy targeting the suppressive molecule indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (shIDO-ST) in tumor-bearing mice, we observed dramatic changes in immune subset phenotypes that included increases in antigen presentation markers, decreased regulatory T cell frequency and overall reduced checkpoint protein expression. Combination shIDO-ST treatment with anti-PD-1/CTLA-4 antibodies enhanced tumor growth control, compared to either treatment alone, which was associated with significant intratumoral infiltration by CD8<sup>+</sup> and CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells. Ultimately, we show that increases in antigen presentation markers and infiltration by T cells is correlated with significantly increased survival in NSCLC patients. These results suggest that the success of ICB therapy may be more accurately predicted by taking into account multiple factors such as potential for antigen presentation and immune subset repertoire in addition to markers already being considered. Alternatively, combination treatment with agents such as shIDO-ST could be used to create a more conducive tumor microenvironment for improving responses to ICB. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:02:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e6ed696cdf6246b3a3e188ae25db54a2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:02:29Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomedicines |
| spelling | doaj.art-e6ed696cdf6246b3a3e188ae25db54a22023-11-21T01:01:46ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592020-12-0181261710.3390/biomedicines8120617<i>Salmonella</i>-Based Therapy Targeting Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Restructures the Immune Contexture to Improve Checkpoint Blockade EfficacyNancy D. Ebelt0Edith Zuniga1Monica Marzagalli2Vic Zamloot3Bruce R. Blazar4Ravi Salgia5Edwin R. Manuel6Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USADepartment of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USADepartment of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USADepartment of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USADepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Bone Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USADepartment of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USADepartment of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USATherapeutic options for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment have changed dramatically in recent years with the advent of novel immunotherapeutic approaches. Among these, immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) using monoclonal antibodies has shown tremendous promise in approximately 20% of patients. In order to better predict patients that will respond to ICB treatment, biomarkers such as tumor-associated CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell frequency, tumor checkpoint protein status and mutational burden have been utilized, however, with mixed success. In this study, we hypothesized that significantly altering the suppressive tumor immune landscape in NSCLC could potentially improve ICB efficacy. Using sub-therapeutic doses of our <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i>-based therapy targeting the suppressive molecule indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (shIDO-ST) in tumor-bearing mice, we observed dramatic changes in immune subset phenotypes that included increases in antigen presentation markers, decreased regulatory T cell frequency and overall reduced checkpoint protein expression. Combination shIDO-ST treatment with anti-PD-1/CTLA-4 antibodies enhanced tumor growth control, compared to either treatment alone, which was associated with significant intratumoral infiltration by CD8<sup>+</sup> and CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells. Ultimately, we show that increases in antigen presentation markers and infiltration by T cells is correlated with significantly increased survival in NSCLC patients. These results suggest that the success of ICB therapy may be more accurately predicted by taking into account multiple factors such as potential for antigen presentation and immune subset repertoire in addition to markers already being considered. Alternatively, combination treatment with agents such as shIDO-ST could be used to create a more conducive tumor microenvironment for improving responses to ICB.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/8/12/617non-small cell lung cancerimmune checkpoint blockadeanti-PD-1anti-CTLA4<i>Salmonella typhimurium</i>small-hairpin RNA |
| spellingShingle | Nancy D. Ebelt Edith Zuniga Monica Marzagalli Vic Zamloot Bruce R. Blazar Ravi Salgia Edwin R. Manuel <i>Salmonella</i>-Based Therapy Targeting Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Restructures the Immune Contexture to Improve Checkpoint Blockade Efficacy Biomedicines non-small cell lung cancer immune checkpoint blockade anti-PD-1 anti-CTLA4 <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> small-hairpin RNA |
| title | <i>Salmonella</i>-Based Therapy Targeting Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Restructures the Immune Contexture to Improve Checkpoint Blockade Efficacy |
| title_full | <i>Salmonella</i>-Based Therapy Targeting Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Restructures the Immune Contexture to Improve Checkpoint Blockade Efficacy |
| title_fullStr | <i>Salmonella</i>-Based Therapy Targeting Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Restructures the Immune Contexture to Improve Checkpoint Blockade Efficacy |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Salmonella</i>-Based Therapy Targeting Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Restructures the Immune Contexture to Improve Checkpoint Blockade Efficacy |
| title_short | <i>Salmonella</i>-Based Therapy Targeting Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Restructures the Immune Contexture to Improve Checkpoint Blockade Efficacy |
| title_sort | i salmonella i based therapy targeting indoleamine 2 3 dioxygenase restructures the immune contexture to improve checkpoint blockade efficacy |
| topic | non-small cell lung cancer immune checkpoint blockade anti-PD-1 anti-CTLA4 <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> small-hairpin RNA |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/8/12/617 |
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