Aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> Degradation by Ery4 Laccase: From In Vitro to Contaminated Corn
Aflatoxins (AFs) are toxic secondary metabolites produced by <i>Aspergillus</i> spp. and are found in food and feed as contaminants worldwide. Due to climate change, AFs occurrence is expected to increase also in western Europe. Therefore, to ensure food and feed safety, it is mandatory...
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/15/5/310 |
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| author | Martina Loi Silvana De Leonardis Biancamaria Ciasca Costantino Paciolla Giuseppina Mulè Miriam Haidukowski |
| author_facet | Martina Loi Silvana De Leonardis Biancamaria Ciasca Costantino Paciolla Giuseppina Mulè Miriam Haidukowski |
| author_sort | Martina Loi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Aflatoxins (AFs) are toxic secondary metabolites produced by <i>Aspergillus</i> spp. and are found in food and feed as contaminants worldwide. Due to climate change, AFs occurrence is expected to increase also in western Europe. Therefore, to ensure food and feed safety, it is mandatory to develop green technologies for AFs reduction in contaminated matrices. With this regard, enzymatic degradation is an effective and environmentally friendly approach under mild operational conditions and with minor impact on the food and feed matrix. In this work, Ery4 laccase, acetosyringone, ascorbic acid, and dehydroascorbic acid were investigated in vitro, then applied in artificially contaminated corn for AFB<sub>1</sub> reduction. AFB<sub>1</sub> (0.1 µg/mL) was completely removed in vitro and reduced by 26% in corn. Several degradation products were detected in vitro by UHPLC-HRMS and likely corresponded to AFQ<sub>1</sub>, epi-AFQ<sub>1</sub>, AFB<sub>1</sub>-diol, or AFB<sub>1</sub>dialehyde, AFB<sub>2a</sub>, and AFM<sub>1</sub>. Protein content was not altered by the enzymatic treatment, while slightly higher levels of lipid peroxidation and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> were detected. Although further studies are needed to improve AFB<sub>1</sub> reduction and reduce the impact of this treatment in corn, the results of this study are promising and suggest that Ery4 laccase can be effectively applied for the reduction in AFB<sub>1</sub> in corn. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:15:53Z |
| format | Article |
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| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:15:53Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-e705c22b70f942b0930c903607d7e2612023-11-18T03:33:14ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512023-04-0115531010.3390/toxins15050310Aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> Degradation by Ery4 Laccase: From In Vitro to Contaminated CornMartina Loi0Silvana De Leonardis1Biancamaria Ciasca2Costantino Paciolla3Giuseppina Mulè4Miriam Haidukowski5Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, ItalyDepartment of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, ItalyInstitute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, ItalyDepartment of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, ItalyInstitute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, ItalyInstitute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, ItalyAflatoxins (AFs) are toxic secondary metabolites produced by <i>Aspergillus</i> spp. and are found in food and feed as contaminants worldwide. Due to climate change, AFs occurrence is expected to increase also in western Europe. Therefore, to ensure food and feed safety, it is mandatory to develop green technologies for AFs reduction in contaminated matrices. With this regard, enzymatic degradation is an effective and environmentally friendly approach under mild operational conditions and with minor impact on the food and feed matrix. In this work, Ery4 laccase, acetosyringone, ascorbic acid, and dehydroascorbic acid were investigated in vitro, then applied in artificially contaminated corn for AFB<sub>1</sub> reduction. AFB<sub>1</sub> (0.1 µg/mL) was completely removed in vitro and reduced by 26% in corn. Several degradation products were detected in vitro by UHPLC-HRMS and likely corresponded to AFQ<sub>1</sub>, epi-AFQ<sub>1</sub>, AFB<sub>1</sub>-diol, or AFB<sub>1</sub>dialehyde, AFB<sub>2a</sub>, and AFM<sub>1</sub>. Protein content was not altered by the enzymatic treatment, while slightly higher levels of lipid peroxidation and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> were detected. Although further studies are needed to improve AFB<sub>1</sub> reduction and reduce the impact of this treatment in corn, the results of this study are promising and suggest that Ery4 laccase can be effectively applied for the reduction in AFB<sub>1</sub> in corn.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/15/5/310aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub>laccasecornbioremediationdegradation productshydrogen peroxide |
| spellingShingle | Martina Loi Silvana De Leonardis Biancamaria Ciasca Costantino Paciolla Giuseppina Mulè Miriam Haidukowski Aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> Degradation by Ery4 Laccase: From In Vitro to Contaminated Corn Toxins aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> laccase corn bioremediation degradation products hydrogen peroxide |
| title | Aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> Degradation by Ery4 Laccase: From In Vitro to Contaminated Corn |
| title_full | Aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> Degradation by Ery4 Laccase: From In Vitro to Contaminated Corn |
| title_fullStr | Aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> Degradation by Ery4 Laccase: From In Vitro to Contaminated Corn |
| title_full_unstemmed | Aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> Degradation by Ery4 Laccase: From In Vitro to Contaminated Corn |
| title_short | Aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> Degradation by Ery4 Laccase: From In Vitro to Contaminated Corn |
| title_sort | aflatoxin b sub 1 sub degradation by ery4 laccase from in vitro to contaminated corn |
| topic | aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> laccase corn bioremediation degradation products hydrogen peroxide |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/15/5/310 |
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