Ethanol Extracts of Achillea millefolium and Hypericum perforatum Low Anti-Toxoplasma Activity
Objectives: This study was performed to determine the lethal and the inhibitory effects of ethanol extracts of Achillea millefolium (A. millefolium) and Hypericum perforatum (H. perforatum) on Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) RH strain tachyzoites in vitro. Methods: The tachyzoites were treated with co...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Korean Pharmacopuncture Institute
2016-03-01
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| Series: | Journal of Pharmacopuncture |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.3831/KPI.2016.19.009 |
| _version_ | 1818582274103312384 |
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| author | Shagayegh Nozari Mohtaram Adine Farzaneh Javadi Mojtaba Shahnazi Abbas Azadmehr Marjan Nassiri-Asl Hasan Jahanihashemi Mehrzad Saraei |
| author_facet | Shagayegh Nozari Mohtaram Adine Farzaneh Javadi Mojtaba Shahnazi Abbas Azadmehr Marjan Nassiri-Asl Hasan Jahanihashemi Mehrzad Saraei |
| author_sort | Shagayegh Nozari |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objectives: This study was performed to determine the lethal and the inhibitory effects of ethanol extracts of Achillea millefolium (A. millefolium) and Hypericum perforatum (H. perforatum) on Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) RH strain tachyzoites in vitro. Methods: The tachyzoites were treated with concentrations of 10, 50, and 100 mg/mL of A. millefolium and H. perforatum extracts within 10, 30, and 45 minutes in the wells. The mortality rates of tachyzoites treated with extracts were determined by using alkaline methylene blue staining. Also, the tachyzoites in cell cultures were treated with concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 mg/mL of these extracts. The cell viability, inhibition concentration (IC50), and selectivity were determined from MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assays. Results: In the cell-free in vitro study, all of tachyzoites were killed at concentrations of 100 mg/mL of both extracts while at concentration 10 mg/mL, the mortality was 4.53% − 5.31%. In the cell culture study, the values of the effective concentration (EC50) were 215 and 153 μg/mL and the selectivities were 0.73 and 0.69 for the A. millefolium and the H. perforatum extracts, respectively. Conclusion: We conclude that neither extracts has any significant effect on the tachyzoites of T. gondii in cell cultures. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-16T07:46:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e705ee6f825e4f84b3eef2d01c5d5ee5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2093-6966 2234-6856 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-16T07:46:47Z |
| publishDate | 2016-03-01 |
| publisher | Korean Pharmacopuncture Institute |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Pharmacopuncture |
| spelling | doaj.art-e705ee6f825e4f84b3eef2d01c5d5ee52022-12-21T22:38:56ZengKorean Pharmacopuncture InstituteJournal of Pharmacopuncture2093-69662234-68562016-03-01191707310.3831/KPI.2016.19.009DHOCBS_2016_v19n1_70Ethanol Extracts of Achillea millefolium and Hypericum perforatum Low Anti-Toxoplasma ActivityShagayegh Nozari0Mohtaram Adine1Farzaneh Javadi2Mojtaba Shahnazi3Abbas Azadmehr4Marjan Nassiri-Asl5Hasan Jahanihashemi6Mehrzad Saraei7Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, IranDepartment of Parasitology and Mycology, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, IranDepartment of Parasitology and Mycology, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, IranDepartment of Parasitology and Mycology, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, IranImmunology Department, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, IranDepartment of Pharmacology, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, IranChildren Growth and Development Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, IranDepartment of Parasitology and Mycology, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, IranObjectives: This study was performed to determine the lethal and the inhibitory effects of ethanol extracts of Achillea millefolium (A. millefolium) and Hypericum perforatum (H. perforatum) on Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) RH strain tachyzoites in vitro. Methods: The tachyzoites were treated with concentrations of 10, 50, and 100 mg/mL of A. millefolium and H. perforatum extracts within 10, 30, and 45 minutes in the wells. The mortality rates of tachyzoites treated with extracts were determined by using alkaline methylene blue staining. Also, the tachyzoites in cell cultures were treated with concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 mg/mL of these extracts. The cell viability, inhibition concentration (IC50), and selectivity were determined from MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assays. Results: In the cell-free in vitro study, all of tachyzoites were killed at concentrations of 100 mg/mL of both extracts while at concentration 10 mg/mL, the mortality was 4.53% − 5.31%. In the cell culture study, the values of the effective concentration (EC50) were 215 and 153 μg/mL and the selectivities were 0.73 and 0.69 for the A. millefolium and the H. perforatum extracts, respectively. Conclusion: We conclude that neither extracts has any significant effect on the tachyzoites of T. gondii in cell cultures.http://dx.doi.org/10.3831/KPI.2016.19.009Achillea millefoliumherbal medicineHypericum perforatumToxoplasma gondii |
| spellingShingle | Shagayegh Nozari Mohtaram Adine Farzaneh Javadi Mojtaba Shahnazi Abbas Azadmehr Marjan Nassiri-Asl Hasan Jahanihashemi Mehrzad Saraei Ethanol Extracts of Achillea millefolium and Hypericum perforatum Low Anti-Toxoplasma Activity Journal of Pharmacopuncture Achillea millefolium herbal medicine Hypericum perforatum Toxoplasma gondii |
| title | Ethanol Extracts of Achillea millefolium and Hypericum perforatum Low Anti-Toxoplasma Activity |
| title_full | Ethanol Extracts of Achillea millefolium and Hypericum perforatum Low Anti-Toxoplasma Activity |
| title_fullStr | Ethanol Extracts of Achillea millefolium and Hypericum perforatum Low Anti-Toxoplasma Activity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ethanol Extracts of Achillea millefolium and Hypericum perforatum Low Anti-Toxoplasma Activity |
| title_short | Ethanol Extracts of Achillea millefolium and Hypericum perforatum Low Anti-Toxoplasma Activity |
| title_sort | ethanol extracts of achillea millefolium and hypericum perforatum low anti toxoplasma activity |
| topic | Achillea millefolium herbal medicine Hypericum perforatum Toxoplasma gondii |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.3831/KPI.2016.19.009 |
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