Diagnostic accuracy of Wisconsin and California scoring systems to detect bovine respiratory disease in preweaning dairy calves under subtropical environmental conditions
ABSTRACT: Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a multifactorial disease which causes short- and long-term negative effects. Early detection is crucial for a prompt response to therapy, as well as to decrease mortality risk. Clinical scoring systems have been developed mostly in North America for scre...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Journal of Dairy Science |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030222004271 |
| _version_ | 1811283709235560448 |
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| author | Nathalia Decaris Sébastien Buczinski Daniela Irlanda Castro Tárdon Luana Camargo Natali Regina Schllemer Stefano Carlo Filippo Hagen Amelia R. Woolums Viviani Gomes |
| author_facet | Nathalia Decaris Sébastien Buczinski Daniela Irlanda Castro Tárdon Luana Camargo Natali Regina Schllemer Stefano Carlo Filippo Hagen Amelia R. Woolums Viviani Gomes |
| author_sort | Nathalia Decaris |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACT: Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a multifactorial disease which causes short- and long-term negative effects. Early detection is crucial for a prompt response to therapy, as well as to decrease mortality risk. Clinical scoring systems have been developed mostly in North America for screening calves at risk or suspected of having BRD, and these tools have also been applied in subtropical and tropical countries. However, it has been unknown whether these scoring systems had the same accuracy in tropical environmental conditions. Therefore, this study evaluated the accuracy of 4 different field techniques, as well as serum haptoglobin (HAP), to diagnose BRD in Holstein dairy calves in subtropical conditions. The tests used to diagnose BRD were thoracic ultrasound (TUS; positive if consolidation depth ≥1 cm), thoracic auscultation (AUSC; positive if crackles, wheezes, or silent areas were present), Wisconsin score (WISC; ≥2 categories with scores of ≥2), and California score (CALIF; positive if total score ≥5). Also, HAP was measured and classified as positive if ≥15 mg/dL. Heifers between 30 d of age and weaning (n = 482), residing on 17 commercial dairies in São Paulo state, were enrolled in this study. Bayesian latent class models were used with informative priors to evaluate the accuracy of TUS, AUSC, and HAP, and noninformative priors for the accuracy of WISC and CALIF. The percentage of calves positive for each test on each farm ranged from 0 to 56% for WISC, 11–51% for CALIF, 0–72% for TUS, 0–32% for AUSC, and 0–100% for HAP. The sensitivity (Se; 95% credible interval) and specificity (Sp) for WISC were 77.9% (64.8–90.2) and 81.9% (76.3–88.2). For CALIF, the Se was 67.1% (53.6–80.1) and Sp 79.1% (73.9–84.6). For TUS Se was 59.8% (46.5–73.1) and Sp was 84.8% (80.0–89.5), and for AUSC, Se was 58.8% (41.3–79.8) and Sp was 98.6% (95.7–99.9). The Se and Sp of HAP was 67.6% (55.3–78.8) and 46.7% (41.4–52.2), respectively. The performance of the scoring systems was similar to, or better than, the performance found in North American studies, despite the fact that calves were in a tropical environment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T02:16:27Z |
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| issn | 0022-0302 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T02:16:27Z |
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| series | Journal of Dairy Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-e7189035f21049efabfa368e57c26c672022-12-22T03:07:08ZengElsevierJournal of Dairy Science0022-03022022-09-01105977507763Diagnostic accuracy of Wisconsin and California scoring systems to detect bovine respiratory disease in preweaning dairy calves under subtropical environmental conditionsNathalia Decaris0Sébastien Buczinski1Daniela Irlanda Castro Tárdon2Luana Camargo3Natali Regina Schllemer4Stefano Carlo Filippo Hagen5Amelia R. Woolums6Viviani Gomes7Department of Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Cidade Universitária, Butantã, São Paulo, Brazil 05508-270Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada J2S 2M2Department of Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Cidade Universitária, Butantã, São Paulo, Brazil 05508-270Department of Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Cidade Universitária, Butantã, São Paulo, Brazil 05508-270Department of Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Cidade Universitária, Butantã, São Paulo, Brazil 05508-270Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Cidade Universitária, Butantã, São Paulo, Brazil 05508-270Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State 39762Department of Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Cidade Universitária, Butantã, São Paulo, Brazil 05508-270; Corresponding authorABSTRACT: Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a multifactorial disease which causes short- and long-term negative effects. Early detection is crucial for a prompt response to therapy, as well as to decrease mortality risk. Clinical scoring systems have been developed mostly in North America for screening calves at risk or suspected of having BRD, and these tools have also been applied in subtropical and tropical countries. However, it has been unknown whether these scoring systems had the same accuracy in tropical environmental conditions. Therefore, this study evaluated the accuracy of 4 different field techniques, as well as serum haptoglobin (HAP), to diagnose BRD in Holstein dairy calves in subtropical conditions. The tests used to diagnose BRD were thoracic ultrasound (TUS; positive if consolidation depth ≥1 cm), thoracic auscultation (AUSC; positive if crackles, wheezes, or silent areas were present), Wisconsin score (WISC; ≥2 categories with scores of ≥2), and California score (CALIF; positive if total score ≥5). Also, HAP was measured and classified as positive if ≥15 mg/dL. Heifers between 30 d of age and weaning (n = 482), residing on 17 commercial dairies in São Paulo state, were enrolled in this study. Bayesian latent class models were used with informative priors to evaluate the accuracy of TUS, AUSC, and HAP, and noninformative priors for the accuracy of WISC and CALIF. The percentage of calves positive for each test on each farm ranged from 0 to 56% for WISC, 11–51% for CALIF, 0–72% for TUS, 0–32% for AUSC, and 0–100% for HAP. The sensitivity (Se; 95% credible interval) and specificity (Sp) for WISC were 77.9% (64.8–90.2) and 81.9% (76.3–88.2). For CALIF, the Se was 67.1% (53.6–80.1) and Sp 79.1% (73.9–84.6). For TUS Se was 59.8% (46.5–73.1) and Sp was 84.8% (80.0–89.5), and for AUSC, Se was 58.8% (41.3–79.8) and Sp was 98.6% (95.7–99.9). The Se and Sp of HAP was 67.6% (55.3–78.8) and 46.7% (41.4–52.2), respectively. The performance of the scoring systems was similar to, or better than, the performance found in North American studies, despite the fact that calves were in a tropical environment.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030222004271bovine respiratory diseaseultrasonographyscoreshaptoglobin |
| spellingShingle | Nathalia Decaris Sébastien Buczinski Daniela Irlanda Castro Tárdon Luana Camargo Natali Regina Schllemer Stefano Carlo Filippo Hagen Amelia R. Woolums Viviani Gomes Diagnostic accuracy of Wisconsin and California scoring systems to detect bovine respiratory disease in preweaning dairy calves under subtropical environmental conditions Journal of Dairy Science bovine respiratory disease ultrasonography scores haptoglobin |
| title | Diagnostic accuracy of Wisconsin and California scoring systems to detect bovine respiratory disease in preweaning dairy calves under subtropical environmental conditions |
| title_full | Diagnostic accuracy of Wisconsin and California scoring systems to detect bovine respiratory disease in preweaning dairy calves under subtropical environmental conditions |
| title_fullStr | Diagnostic accuracy of Wisconsin and California scoring systems to detect bovine respiratory disease in preweaning dairy calves under subtropical environmental conditions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Diagnostic accuracy of Wisconsin and California scoring systems to detect bovine respiratory disease in preweaning dairy calves under subtropical environmental conditions |
| title_short | Diagnostic accuracy of Wisconsin and California scoring systems to detect bovine respiratory disease in preweaning dairy calves under subtropical environmental conditions |
| title_sort | diagnostic accuracy of wisconsin and california scoring systems to detect bovine respiratory disease in preweaning dairy calves under subtropical environmental conditions |
| topic | bovine respiratory disease ultrasonography scores haptoglobin |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030222004271 |
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