Allochthonous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi promote Salix viminalis L.–mediated phytoremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons characterized by increasing the release of organic acids and enzymes in soils
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are well known persistent organic pollutants that have carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic effects on humans and animals. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) that can infest plant hosts and form symbioses may help plants to enhance potential rhizosphere ef...
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Elsevier
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014765132201301X |
| _version_ | 1797961345549729792 |
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| author | Xia Li Xiaofei Kang Junzhu Zou Jiahui Yin Yuancheng Wang Ao Li Xiaodong Ma |
| author_facet | Xia Li Xiaofei Kang Junzhu Zou Jiahui Yin Yuancheng Wang Ao Li Xiaodong Ma |
| author_sort | Xia Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are well known persistent organic pollutants that have carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic effects on humans and animals. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) that can infest plant hosts and form symbioses may help plants to enhance potential rhizosphere effects, thus contributing to the rhizodegradation of PAH-contaminated soils. The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of AMF on enhancing Salix viminalis–mediated phytoremediation of PAH-polluted soil and clarify the plant enzymatic and organic acid mechanisms induced by AMF. Natural attenuation (NA), phytoremediation (P, Salix viminalis), S. viminalis-AMF combined remediation using willow inoculated with Funneliformis mosseae (PM), Laroideoglomus etunicatum (PE), and Rhizophagus intraradices (PI) were used as strategies for the remediation of PAH-polluted soils. The results showed that AMF inoculation contributed to the dissipation of the high-molecular-weight PAH benzo (α) pyrene that had concentrations in PM, PE, and PI treatments of 40.1 %, 24.49 %, and 36.28 % of the level in the NA treatment, and 62.32 %, 38.05 %, and 56.38 % of the level in the P treatment after 90 days. The mycorrhizal treatment also improved the removal efficiency of phenanthrene and pyrene, as their concentrations were sharply decreased after 30 days compared to the NA and P treatments. The research further clarified the changes in rhizosphere substances induced by AMF. Organic acids including arachidonic acid, octadecanedioic acid, α-linolenic acid, 10,12,14-octadecarachidonic acid and 5-methoxysalicylic acid that can act as co-metabolic substrates for certain microbial species to metabolize PAHs were significantly increased in AMF-inoculated treatments. AMF inoculation also elevated the levels of polyphenol oxidase, laccase, and dehydrogenase, that played crucial roles in PAHs biodegradation. These findings provide an effective strategy for using AMF-assisted S. viminalis to remediate PAH-polluted soils, and the results have confirmed the key roles of organic acids and soil enzymes in plant-AMF combined remediation of PAHs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T00:57:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e71c1aba49cd459eab7a4c1b3289a20c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0147-6513 |
| language | English |
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| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-e71c1aba49cd459eab7a4c1b3289a20c2023-01-05T04:30:50ZengElsevierEcotoxicology and Environmental Safety0147-65132023-01-01249114461Allochthonous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi promote Salix viminalis L.–mediated phytoremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons characterized by increasing the release of organic acids and enzymes in soilsXia Li0Xiaofei Kang1Junzhu Zou2Jiahui Yin3Yuancheng Wang4Ao Li5Xiaodong Ma6College of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Heze University, Heze 274000, Shandong, ChinaCollege of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Heze University, Heze 274000, Shandong, ChinaResearch Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, ChinaResearch Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; College of Horticulture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130000, Jilin, ChinaResearch Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, ChinaResearch Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, ChinaInstitute of Grassland, Flowers and Landscape Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; Corresponding author.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are well known persistent organic pollutants that have carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic effects on humans and animals. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) that can infest plant hosts and form symbioses may help plants to enhance potential rhizosphere effects, thus contributing to the rhizodegradation of PAH-contaminated soils. The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of AMF on enhancing Salix viminalis–mediated phytoremediation of PAH-polluted soil and clarify the plant enzymatic and organic acid mechanisms induced by AMF. Natural attenuation (NA), phytoremediation (P, Salix viminalis), S. viminalis-AMF combined remediation using willow inoculated with Funneliformis mosseae (PM), Laroideoglomus etunicatum (PE), and Rhizophagus intraradices (PI) were used as strategies for the remediation of PAH-polluted soils. The results showed that AMF inoculation contributed to the dissipation of the high-molecular-weight PAH benzo (α) pyrene that had concentrations in PM, PE, and PI treatments of 40.1 %, 24.49 %, and 36.28 % of the level in the NA treatment, and 62.32 %, 38.05 %, and 56.38 % of the level in the P treatment after 90 days. The mycorrhizal treatment also improved the removal efficiency of phenanthrene and pyrene, as their concentrations were sharply decreased after 30 days compared to the NA and P treatments. The research further clarified the changes in rhizosphere substances induced by AMF. Organic acids including arachidonic acid, octadecanedioic acid, α-linolenic acid, 10,12,14-octadecarachidonic acid and 5-methoxysalicylic acid that can act as co-metabolic substrates for certain microbial species to metabolize PAHs were significantly increased in AMF-inoculated treatments. AMF inoculation also elevated the levels of polyphenol oxidase, laccase, and dehydrogenase, that played crucial roles in PAHs biodegradation. These findings provide an effective strategy for using AMF-assisted S. viminalis to remediate PAH-polluted soils, and the results have confirmed the key roles of organic acids and soil enzymes in plant-AMF combined remediation of PAHs.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014765132201301XPhytoremediationAMFPAHs removalEnzymesOrganic acids |
| spellingShingle | Xia Li Xiaofei Kang Junzhu Zou Jiahui Yin Yuancheng Wang Ao Li Xiaodong Ma Allochthonous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi promote Salix viminalis L.–mediated phytoremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons characterized by increasing the release of organic acids and enzymes in soils Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Phytoremediation AMF PAHs removal Enzymes Organic acids |
| title | Allochthonous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi promote Salix viminalis L.–mediated phytoremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons characterized by increasing the release of organic acids and enzymes in soils |
| title_full | Allochthonous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi promote Salix viminalis L.–mediated phytoremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons characterized by increasing the release of organic acids and enzymes in soils |
| title_fullStr | Allochthonous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi promote Salix viminalis L.–mediated phytoremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons characterized by increasing the release of organic acids and enzymes in soils |
| title_full_unstemmed | Allochthonous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi promote Salix viminalis L.–mediated phytoremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons characterized by increasing the release of organic acids and enzymes in soils |
| title_short | Allochthonous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi promote Salix viminalis L.–mediated phytoremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons characterized by increasing the release of organic acids and enzymes in soils |
| title_sort | allochthonous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi promote salix viminalis l mediated phytoremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons characterized by increasing the release of organic acids and enzymes in soils |
| topic | Phytoremediation AMF PAHs removal Enzymes Organic acids |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014765132201301X |
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