Brightest Cluster Galaxy Formation in the z = 4.3 Protocluster SPT 2349-56: Discovery of a Radio-loud Active Galactic Nucleus
We have observed the z = 4.3 protocluster SPT2349−56 with the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) with the aim of detecting radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGNs) among the ∼30 submillimeter (submm) galaxies (SMGs) identified in the structure. We detect the central complex of submm sources at...
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2024-01-01
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| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad0b77 |
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| author | Scott C. Chapman Ryley Hill Manuel Aravena Melanie Archipley Arif Babul James Burgoyne Rebecca E. A. Canning Roger P. Deane Carlos De Breuck Anthony H. Gonzalez Christopher C. Hayward Seon Woo Kim Matt Malkan Dan P. Marrone Vincent McIntyre Eric Murphy Emily Pass Ryan W. Perry Kedar A. Phadke Douglas Rennehan Cassie Reuter Kaja M. Rotermund Douglas Scott Nick Seymour Manuel Solimano Justin Spilker Anthony A. Stark Nikolaus Sulzenauer Nick Tothill Joaquin D. Vieira David Vizgan George Wang Axel Weiss |
| author_facet | Scott C. Chapman Ryley Hill Manuel Aravena Melanie Archipley Arif Babul James Burgoyne Rebecca E. A. Canning Roger P. Deane Carlos De Breuck Anthony H. Gonzalez Christopher C. Hayward Seon Woo Kim Matt Malkan Dan P. Marrone Vincent McIntyre Eric Murphy Emily Pass Ryan W. Perry Kedar A. Phadke Douglas Rennehan Cassie Reuter Kaja M. Rotermund Douglas Scott Nick Seymour Manuel Solimano Justin Spilker Anthony A. Stark Nikolaus Sulzenauer Nick Tothill Joaquin D. Vieira David Vizgan George Wang Axel Weiss |
| author_sort | Scott C. Chapman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We have observed the z = 4.3 protocluster SPT2349−56 with the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) with the aim of detecting radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGNs) among the ∼30 submillimeter (submm) galaxies (SMGs) identified in the structure. We detect the central complex of submm sources at 2.2 GHz with a luminosity of L _2.2 = (4.42 ± 0.56) × 10 ^25 W Hz ^−1 . MeerKAT and the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder also detect the source at 816 MHz and 888 MHz, respectively, constraining the radio spectral index to α = −1.45 ± 0.16, implying L _1.4,rest = (2.2 ± 0.2) × 10 ^26 W Hz ^−1 . The radio observations do not have sufficient spatial resolution to uniquely identify one of the three Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) galaxies as the AGN, however the ALMA source properties themselves suggest a likely host. This radio luminosity is ∼100× higher than expected from star formation, assuming the usual far-infrared–radio correlation, indicating an AGN driven by a forming brightest cluster galaxy. None of the SMGs in SPT2349−56 show signs of AGNs in any other diagnostics available to us, highlighting the radio continuum as a powerful probe of obscured AGNs. We compare these results to field samples of radio sources and SMGs, along with the 22 gravitationally lensed SPT-SMGs also observed in the ATCA program, as well as powerful radio galaxies at high redshifts. The (3.3 ± 0.7) × 10 ^38 W of power from the radio-loud AGN sustained over 100 Myr is comparable to the binding energy of the gas mass of the central halo, and similar to the instantaneous energy injection from supernova feedback from the SMGs in the core region. The SPT2349−56 radio-loud AGNs may be providing strong feedback on a nascent intracluster medium. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T13:13:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e7239f587865409b8e83299a4620a4d3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T13:13:50Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
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| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-e7239f587865409b8e83299a4620a4d32024-01-18T10:50:58ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572024-01-01961112010.3847/1538-4357/ad0b77Brightest Cluster Galaxy Formation in the z = 4.3 Protocluster SPT 2349-56: Discovery of a Radio-loud Active Galactic NucleusScott C. Chapman0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8487-3153Ryley Hill1Manuel Aravena2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6290-3198Melanie Archipley3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0517-9842Arif Babul4James Burgoyne5Rebecca E. A. Canning6Roger P. Deane7Carlos De Breuck8Anthony H. Gonzalez9https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0933-8601Christopher C. Hayward10https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4073-3236Seon Woo Kim11Matt Malkan12https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6919-1237Dan P. Marrone13https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2367-1080Vincent McIntyre14Eric Murphy15https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7089-7325Emily Pass16https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1533-9029Ryan W. Perry17Kedar A. Phadke18https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7946-557XDouglas Rennehan19Cassie Reuter20https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7477-1586Kaja M. Rotermund21https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9181-9948Douglas Scott22https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6878-9840Nick Seymour23Manuel Solimano24https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6629-0379Justin Spilker25https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3256-5615Anthony A. Stark26https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2718-9996Nikolaus Sulzenauer27https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3187-1648Nick Tothill28https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9931-5162Joaquin D. Vieira29https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7192-3871David Vizgan30https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7610-5544George Wang31Axel Weiss32https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4678-3939Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University , Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada ; scott.chapman@dal.ca; NRC Herzberg Astronomy and Astrophysics , 5071 West Saanich Road, Victoria, BC, V9E 2E7, Canada; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada; Eureka Scientific Inc , Oakland, CA 94602, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, CanadaNúcleo de Astronomia, Facultad de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Universidad Diego Portales , Av. Ejército 441, Santiago, ChileDepartment of Astronomy, University of Illinois , 1002 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Center for AstroPhysical Surveys, National Center for Supercomputing Applications , 1205 West Clark Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria , Victoria, BC, V8P 1A1, CanadaDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, CanadaInstitute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth , Dennis Sciama Building, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX, UKWits Centre for Astrophysics, School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand , 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Johannesburg, 2000, South Africa; Department of Physics, University of Pretoria , Private Bag X20, Pretoria 0028, South AfricaEuropean Southern Observatory , Karl Schwarzschild Strasse 2, D-85748 Garching, GermanyDepartment of Astronomy, University of Florida , 211 Bryant Space Science Center, Gainesville, FL 32611-2055, USACenter for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute , 162 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USADepartment of Astronomy, University of Illinois , 1002 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles , CA 90095, USASteward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USAInternational Center for Radio Astronomy Research, Curtin University , GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, AustraliaNRAO National Radio Astronomy Observatory, 520 Edgemont Road, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USADepartment of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University , Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada ; scott.chapman@dal.ca; Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USADepartment of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University , Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada ; scott.chapman@dal.caDepartment of Astronomy, University of Illinois , 1002 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Center for AstroPhysical Surveys, National Center for Supercomputing Applications , 1205 West Clark Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USACenter for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute , 162 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USADepartment of Astronomy, University of Illinois , 1002 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USALawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, CA 94720, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, CanadaInternational Center for Radio Astronomy Research, Curtin University , GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, AustraliaNúcleo de Astronomia, Facultad de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Universidad Diego Portales , Av. Ejército 441, Santiago, ChileDepartment of Physics and Astronomy and George P. and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University , 4242 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-4242, USAHarvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USAMax-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie , Auf dem Hugel 69, Bonn, D-53121, GermanySchool of Science, Western Sydney University , Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, AustraliaDepartment of Astronomy, University of Illinois , 1002 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Center for AstroPhysical Surveys, National Center for Supercomputing Applications , 1205 West Clark Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USADepartment of Astronomy, University of Illinois , 1002 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, CanadaMax-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie , Auf dem Hugel 69, Bonn, D-53121, GermanyWe have observed the z = 4.3 protocluster SPT2349−56 with the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) with the aim of detecting radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGNs) among the ∼30 submillimeter (submm) galaxies (SMGs) identified in the structure. We detect the central complex of submm sources at 2.2 GHz with a luminosity of L _2.2 = (4.42 ± 0.56) × 10 ^25 W Hz ^−1 . MeerKAT and the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder also detect the source at 816 MHz and 888 MHz, respectively, constraining the radio spectral index to α = −1.45 ± 0.16, implying L _1.4,rest = (2.2 ± 0.2) × 10 ^26 W Hz ^−1 . The radio observations do not have sufficient spatial resolution to uniquely identify one of the three Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) galaxies as the AGN, however the ALMA source properties themselves suggest a likely host. This radio luminosity is ∼100× higher than expected from star formation, assuming the usual far-infrared–radio correlation, indicating an AGN driven by a forming brightest cluster galaxy. None of the SMGs in SPT2349−56 show signs of AGNs in any other diagnostics available to us, highlighting the radio continuum as a powerful probe of obscured AGNs. We compare these results to field samples of radio sources and SMGs, along with the 22 gravitationally lensed SPT-SMGs also observed in the ATCA program, as well as powerful radio galaxies at high redshifts. The (3.3 ± 0.7) × 10 ^38 W of power from the radio-loud AGN sustained over 100 Myr is comparable to the binding energy of the gas mass of the central halo, and similar to the instantaneous energy injection from supernova feedback from the SMGs in the core region. The SPT2349−56 radio-loud AGNs may be providing strong feedback on a nascent intracluster medium.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad0b77Galaxy clusters |
| spellingShingle | Scott C. Chapman Ryley Hill Manuel Aravena Melanie Archipley Arif Babul James Burgoyne Rebecca E. A. Canning Roger P. Deane Carlos De Breuck Anthony H. Gonzalez Christopher C. Hayward Seon Woo Kim Matt Malkan Dan P. Marrone Vincent McIntyre Eric Murphy Emily Pass Ryan W. Perry Kedar A. Phadke Douglas Rennehan Cassie Reuter Kaja M. Rotermund Douglas Scott Nick Seymour Manuel Solimano Justin Spilker Anthony A. Stark Nikolaus Sulzenauer Nick Tothill Joaquin D. Vieira David Vizgan George Wang Axel Weiss Brightest Cluster Galaxy Formation in the z = 4.3 Protocluster SPT 2349-56: Discovery of a Radio-loud Active Galactic Nucleus The Astrophysical Journal Galaxy clusters |
| title | Brightest Cluster Galaxy Formation in the z = 4.3 Protocluster SPT 2349-56: Discovery of a Radio-loud Active Galactic Nucleus |
| title_full | Brightest Cluster Galaxy Formation in the z = 4.3 Protocluster SPT 2349-56: Discovery of a Radio-loud Active Galactic Nucleus |
| title_fullStr | Brightest Cluster Galaxy Formation in the z = 4.3 Protocluster SPT 2349-56: Discovery of a Radio-loud Active Galactic Nucleus |
| title_full_unstemmed | Brightest Cluster Galaxy Formation in the z = 4.3 Protocluster SPT 2349-56: Discovery of a Radio-loud Active Galactic Nucleus |
| title_short | Brightest Cluster Galaxy Formation in the z = 4.3 Protocluster SPT 2349-56: Discovery of a Radio-loud Active Galactic Nucleus |
| title_sort | brightest cluster galaxy formation in the z 4 3 protocluster spt 2349 56 discovery of a radio loud active galactic nucleus |
| topic | Galaxy clusters |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad0b77 |
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