Modeling Central Nervous System Injury In Vitro: Current Status and Promising Future Strategies
The central nervous system (CNS) injury, which occurs because of mechanical trauma or ischemia/hypoxia, is one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity in the modern society. Until know, despite the fact that numerous preclinical and clinical studies have been undertaken, no significant neuropr...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Biomedicines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/11/1/94 |
| _version_ | 1797445706676436992 |
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| author | Kristina Pilipović Anja Harej Hrkać Natalia Kučić Jasenka Mršić-Pelčić |
| author_facet | Kristina Pilipović Anja Harej Hrkać Natalia Kučić Jasenka Mršić-Pelčić |
| author_sort | Kristina Pilipović |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The central nervous system (CNS) injury, which occurs because of mechanical trauma or ischemia/hypoxia, is one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity in the modern society. Until know, despite the fact that numerous preclinical and clinical studies have been undertaken, no significant neuroprotective strategies have been discovered that could be used in the brain trauma or ischemia treatment. Although there are many potential explanations for the failure of those studies, it is clear that there are questions regarding the use of experimental models, both in vivo and in vitro, when studying CNS injury and searching new therapeutics. Due to some ethical issues with the use of live animals in biomedical research, implementation of experimental strategies that prioritize the use of cells and tissues in the in vitro environment has been encouraged. In this review, we examined some of the most commonly used in vitro models and the most frequently utilized cellular platforms in the research of traumatic brain injury and cerebral ischemia. We also proposed some future strategies that could improve the usefulness of these studies for better bench-to-bedside translational outcomes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:30:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e72c234c55a04893a83d62ec861bca62 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:30:41Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomedicines |
| spelling | doaj.art-e72c234c55a04893a83d62ec861bca622023-11-30T21:19:21ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592022-12-011119410.3390/biomedicines11010094Modeling Central Nervous System Injury In Vitro: Current Status and Promising Future StrategiesKristina Pilipović0Anja Harej Hrkać1Natalia Kučić2Jasenka Mršić-Pelčić3Department of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, CroatiaDepartment of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, CroatiaDepartment of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, CroatiaDepartment of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, CroatiaThe central nervous system (CNS) injury, which occurs because of mechanical trauma or ischemia/hypoxia, is one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity in the modern society. Until know, despite the fact that numerous preclinical and clinical studies have been undertaken, no significant neuroprotective strategies have been discovered that could be used in the brain trauma or ischemia treatment. Although there are many potential explanations for the failure of those studies, it is clear that there are questions regarding the use of experimental models, both in vivo and in vitro, when studying CNS injury and searching new therapeutics. Due to some ethical issues with the use of live animals in biomedical research, implementation of experimental strategies that prioritize the use of cells and tissues in the in vitro environment has been encouraged. In this review, we examined some of the most commonly used in vitro models and the most frequently utilized cellular platforms in the research of traumatic brain injury and cerebral ischemia. We also proposed some future strategies that could improve the usefulness of these studies for better bench-to-bedside translational outcomes.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/11/1/94brain injuriestraumaticbrain ischemia/hypoxiacell culture techniquesinduced pluripotent stem cellsthe central nervous system |
| spellingShingle | Kristina Pilipović Anja Harej Hrkać Natalia Kučić Jasenka Mršić-Pelčić Modeling Central Nervous System Injury In Vitro: Current Status and Promising Future Strategies Biomedicines brain injuries traumatic brain ischemia/hypoxia cell culture techniques induced pluripotent stem cells the central nervous system |
| title | Modeling Central Nervous System Injury In Vitro: Current Status and Promising Future Strategies |
| title_full | Modeling Central Nervous System Injury In Vitro: Current Status and Promising Future Strategies |
| title_fullStr | Modeling Central Nervous System Injury In Vitro: Current Status and Promising Future Strategies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Modeling Central Nervous System Injury In Vitro: Current Status and Promising Future Strategies |
| title_short | Modeling Central Nervous System Injury In Vitro: Current Status and Promising Future Strategies |
| title_sort | modeling central nervous system injury in vitro current status and promising future strategies |
| topic | brain injuries traumatic brain ischemia/hypoxia cell culture techniques induced pluripotent stem cells the central nervous system |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/11/1/94 |
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