Compositional Changes in Grapes and Leaves as a Consequence of Smoke Exposure of Vineyards from Multiple Bushfires across a Ripening Season
The negative effects of smoke exposure of grapes in vineyards that are close to harvest are well documented. Volatile phenols in smoke from forest and grass fires can contaminate berries and, upon uptake, are readily converted into a range of glycosylated grape metabolites. These phenolic glycosides...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-05-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/11/3187 |
| _version_ | 1827691456198868992 |
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| author | WenWen Jiang Mango Parker Yoji Hayasaka Con Simos Markus Herderich |
| author_facet | WenWen Jiang Mango Parker Yoji Hayasaka Con Simos Markus Herderich |
| author_sort | WenWen Jiang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The negative effects of smoke exposure of grapes in vineyards that are close to harvest are well documented. Volatile phenols in smoke from forest and grass fires can contaminate berries and, upon uptake, are readily converted into a range of glycosylated grape metabolites. These phenolic glycosides and corresponding volatile phenols are extracted into the must and carried through the winemaking process, leading to wines with overtly smoky aromas and flavours. As a result, smoke exposure of grapes can cause significant quality defects in wine, and may render grapes and wine unfit for sale, with substantial negative economic impacts. Until now, however, very little has been known about the impact on grape composition of smoke exposure very early in the season, when grapes are small, hard and green, as occurred with many fires in the 2019–20 Australian grapegrowing season. This research summarises the compositional consequences of cumulative bushfire smoke exposure of grapes and leaves, it establishes detailed profiles of volatile phenols and phenolic glycosides in samples from six commercial Chardonnay and Shiraz blocks throughout berry ripening and examines the observed effects in the context of vineyard location and timing of smoke exposure. In addition, we demonstrate the potential of some phenolic glycosides in leaves to serve as additional biomarkers for smoke exposure of vineyards. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:01:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e731f1d941f64902a1114270641ecee9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:01:56Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-e731f1d941f64902a1114270641ecee92023-11-21T21:30:23ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492021-05-012611318710.3390/molecules26113187Compositional Changes in Grapes and Leaves as a Consequence of Smoke Exposure of Vineyards from Multiple Bushfires across a Ripening SeasonWenWen Jiang0Mango Parker1Yoji Hayasaka2Con Simos3Markus Herderich4The Australian Wine Research Institute, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, AustraliaThe Australian Wine Research Institute, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, AustraliaThe Australian Wine Research Institute, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, AustraliaThe Australian Wine Research Institute, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, AustraliaThe Australian Wine Research Institute, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, AustraliaThe negative effects of smoke exposure of grapes in vineyards that are close to harvest are well documented. Volatile phenols in smoke from forest and grass fires can contaminate berries and, upon uptake, are readily converted into a range of glycosylated grape metabolites. These phenolic glycosides and corresponding volatile phenols are extracted into the must and carried through the winemaking process, leading to wines with overtly smoky aromas and flavours. As a result, smoke exposure of grapes can cause significant quality defects in wine, and may render grapes and wine unfit for sale, with substantial negative economic impacts. Until now, however, very little has been known about the impact on grape composition of smoke exposure very early in the season, when grapes are small, hard and green, as occurred with many fires in the 2019–20 Australian grapegrowing season. This research summarises the compositional consequences of cumulative bushfire smoke exposure of grapes and leaves, it establishes detailed profiles of volatile phenols and phenolic glycosides in samples from six commercial Chardonnay and Shiraz blocks throughout berry ripening and examines the observed effects in the context of vineyard location and timing of smoke exposure. In addition, we demonstrate the potential of some phenolic glycosides in leaves to serve as additional biomarkers for smoke exposure of vineyards.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/11/3187grapewinesmoke taintberry ripeningleafglycoside |
| spellingShingle | WenWen Jiang Mango Parker Yoji Hayasaka Con Simos Markus Herderich Compositional Changes in Grapes and Leaves as a Consequence of Smoke Exposure of Vineyards from Multiple Bushfires across a Ripening Season Molecules grape wine smoke taint berry ripening leaf glycoside |
| title | Compositional Changes in Grapes and Leaves as a Consequence of Smoke Exposure of Vineyards from Multiple Bushfires across a Ripening Season |
| title_full | Compositional Changes in Grapes and Leaves as a Consequence of Smoke Exposure of Vineyards from Multiple Bushfires across a Ripening Season |
| title_fullStr | Compositional Changes in Grapes and Leaves as a Consequence of Smoke Exposure of Vineyards from Multiple Bushfires across a Ripening Season |
| title_full_unstemmed | Compositional Changes in Grapes and Leaves as a Consequence of Smoke Exposure of Vineyards from Multiple Bushfires across a Ripening Season |
| title_short | Compositional Changes in Grapes and Leaves as a Consequence of Smoke Exposure of Vineyards from Multiple Bushfires across a Ripening Season |
| title_sort | compositional changes in grapes and leaves as a consequence of smoke exposure of vineyards from multiple bushfires across a ripening season |
| topic | grape wine smoke taint berry ripening leaf glycoside |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/11/3187 |
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