Aromatisation of steroids in the bivalve Mytilus trossulus
In this study, we demonstrated the presence of the enzymatic complex able to perform aromatization (estrogen synthesis) in both, the microsomal and mitochondrial fractions of gills and gonads from Mytilus trossulus. Based on in vitro experiments, we highlighted the importance of temperature as the l...
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PeerJ Inc.
2019-05-01
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| author | Anna Hallmann Lucyna Konieczna Justyna Swiezak Ryszard Milczarek Katarzyna Smolarz |
| author_facet | Anna Hallmann Lucyna Konieczna Justyna Swiezak Ryszard Milczarek Katarzyna Smolarz |
| author_sort | Anna Hallmann |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study, we demonstrated the presence of the enzymatic complex able to perform aromatization (estrogen synthesis) in both, the microsomal and mitochondrial fractions of gills and gonads from Mytilus trossulus. Based on in vitro experiments, we highlighted the importance of temperature as the limiting factor of aromatisation efficiency (AE) in mussels. After testing range of temperatures (4–23 °C), the highest AE was found during incubation at 8 °C and pH 7.6 (41.66 pmol/h/mg protein in gills and 58.37 pmol/h/mg protein in gonads). The results were confirmed during field studies where the most efficient aromatisation occurred in bivalves collected in spring while the least effective in those collected in winter. During in vitro studies, AE turned out to be more intensive in female gonads than in male gonads. The process was also more intensive in mitochondrial fraction than in microsomal one (62.97 pmol/h/mg protein in male gills and 73.94 pmol/h/mg protein in female gonads). Enzymatic complex (aromatase-like enzyme) catalysing aromatisation in mussels was found to be insensitive to inhibitory effect of selective inhibitors of mammalian aromatase such as letrozole and anastrazole, suggesting its different structure from vertebrate aromatase. Further in vivo studies using 13C-labeled steroids at 8 °C temperature window confirmed that bivalves are able to uptake testosterone and androstenedione from the ambient environment and metabolise them to estrone and 17β-estradiol thus confirming endogenous estrogen’ synthesis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T08:08:06Z |
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| id | doaj.art-e73e2f119e0746e399f2ca1ff62d16df |
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| issn | 2167-8359 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T08:08:06Z |
| publishDate | 2019-05-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-e73e2f119e0746e399f2ca1ff62d16df2023-12-02T23:45:46ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ2167-83592019-05-017e695310.7717/peerj.6953Aromatisation of steroids in the bivalve Mytilus trossulusAnna Hallmann0Lucyna Konieczna1Justyna Swiezak2Ryszard Milczarek3Katarzyna Smolarz4Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, PolandDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, PolandDepartment of Marine Ecosystem Functioning, University of Gdańsk, Gdynia, PolandDepartment of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, PolandDepartment of Marine Ecosystem Functioning, University of Gdańsk, Gdynia, PolandIn this study, we demonstrated the presence of the enzymatic complex able to perform aromatization (estrogen synthesis) in both, the microsomal and mitochondrial fractions of gills and gonads from Mytilus trossulus. Based on in vitro experiments, we highlighted the importance of temperature as the limiting factor of aromatisation efficiency (AE) in mussels. After testing range of temperatures (4–23 °C), the highest AE was found during incubation at 8 °C and pH 7.6 (41.66 pmol/h/mg protein in gills and 58.37 pmol/h/mg protein in gonads). The results were confirmed during field studies where the most efficient aromatisation occurred in bivalves collected in spring while the least effective in those collected in winter. During in vitro studies, AE turned out to be more intensive in female gonads than in male gonads. The process was also more intensive in mitochondrial fraction than in microsomal one (62.97 pmol/h/mg protein in male gills and 73.94 pmol/h/mg protein in female gonads). Enzymatic complex (aromatase-like enzyme) catalysing aromatisation in mussels was found to be insensitive to inhibitory effect of selective inhibitors of mammalian aromatase such as letrozole and anastrazole, suggesting its different structure from vertebrate aromatase. Further in vivo studies using 13C-labeled steroids at 8 °C temperature window confirmed that bivalves are able to uptake testosterone and androstenedione from the ambient environment and metabolise them to estrone and 17β-estradiol thus confirming endogenous estrogen’ synthesis.https://peerj.com/articles/6953.pdfAromatisation of steroidsBivalvesTemperatureEstrogen syntheisAromatase-like enzyme |
| spellingShingle | Anna Hallmann Lucyna Konieczna Justyna Swiezak Ryszard Milczarek Katarzyna Smolarz Aromatisation of steroids in the bivalve Mytilus trossulus PeerJ Aromatisation of steroids Bivalves Temperature Estrogen syntheis Aromatase-like enzyme |
| title | Aromatisation of steroids in the bivalve Mytilus trossulus |
| title_full | Aromatisation of steroids in the bivalve Mytilus trossulus |
| title_fullStr | Aromatisation of steroids in the bivalve Mytilus trossulus |
| title_full_unstemmed | Aromatisation of steroids in the bivalve Mytilus trossulus |
| title_short | Aromatisation of steroids in the bivalve Mytilus trossulus |
| title_sort | aromatisation of steroids in the bivalve mytilus trossulus |
| topic | Aromatisation of steroids Bivalves Temperature Estrogen syntheis Aromatase-like enzyme |
| url | https://peerj.com/articles/6953.pdf |
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