Two Iterative Methods for Sizing Pipe Diameters in Gas Distribution Networks with Loops
Closed-loop pipe systems allow the possibility of the flow of gas from both directions across each route, ensuring supply continuity in the event of a failure at one point, but their main shortcoming is in the necessity to model them using iterative methods. Two iterative methods of determining the...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Computation |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3197/12/2/25 |
| _version_ | 1797298588049473536 |
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| author | Dejan Brkić |
| author_facet | Dejan Brkić |
| author_sort | Dejan Brkić |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Closed-loop pipe systems allow the possibility of the flow of gas from both directions across each route, ensuring supply continuity in the event of a failure at one point, but their main shortcoming is in the necessity to model them using iterative methods. Two iterative methods of determining the optimal pipe diameter in a gas distribution network with closed loops are described in this paper, offering the advantage of maintaining the gas velocity within specified technical limits, even during peak demand. They are based on the following: (1) a modified Hardy Cross method with the correction of the diameter in each iteration and (2) the node-loop method, which provides a new diameter directly in each iteration. The calculation of the optimal pipe diameter in such gas distribution networks relies on ensuring mass continuity at nodes, following the first Kirchhoff law, and concluding when the pressure drops in all the closed paths are algebraically balanced, adhering to the second Kirchhoff law for energy equilibrium. The presented optimisation is based on principles developed by Hardy Cross in the 1930s for the moment distribution analysis of statically indeterminate structures. The results are for steady-state conditions and for the highest possible estimated demand of gas, while the distributed gas is treated as a noncompressible fluid due to the relatively small drop in pressure in a typical network of pipes. There is no unique solution; instead, an infinite number of potential outcomes exist, alongside infinite combinations of pipe diameters for a given fixed flow pattern that can satisfy the first and second Kirchhoff laws in the given topology of the particular network at hand. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:37:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e73e702942e44b60a8abc75e01816fb6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-3197 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:37:02Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Computation |
| spelling | doaj.art-e73e702942e44b60a8abc75e01816fb62024-02-23T15:12:51ZengMDPI AGComputation2079-31972024-02-011222510.3390/computation12020025Two Iterative Methods for Sizing Pipe Diameters in Gas Distribution Networks with LoopsDejan Brkić0IT4Innovations, VSB—Technical University of Ostrava, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech RepublicClosed-loop pipe systems allow the possibility of the flow of gas from both directions across each route, ensuring supply continuity in the event of a failure at one point, but their main shortcoming is in the necessity to model them using iterative methods. Two iterative methods of determining the optimal pipe diameter in a gas distribution network with closed loops are described in this paper, offering the advantage of maintaining the gas velocity within specified technical limits, even during peak demand. They are based on the following: (1) a modified Hardy Cross method with the correction of the diameter in each iteration and (2) the node-loop method, which provides a new diameter directly in each iteration. The calculation of the optimal pipe diameter in such gas distribution networks relies on ensuring mass continuity at nodes, following the first Kirchhoff law, and concluding when the pressure drops in all the closed paths are algebraically balanced, adhering to the second Kirchhoff law for energy equilibrium. The presented optimisation is based on principles developed by Hardy Cross in the 1930s for the moment distribution analysis of statically indeterminate structures. The results are for steady-state conditions and for the highest possible estimated demand of gas, while the distributed gas is treated as a noncompressible fluid due to the relatively small drop in pressure in a typical network of pipes. There is no unique solution; instead, an infinite number of potential outcomes exist, alongside infinite combinations of pipe diameters for a given fixed flow pattern that can satisfy the first and second Kirchhoff laws in the given topology of the particular network at hand.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3197/12/2/25gas distributionnetworks of conduitsHardy Cross methodpipe diametersoptimal design |
| spellingShingle | Dejan Brkić Two Iterative Methods for Sizing Pipe Diameters in Gas Distribution Networks with Loops Computation gas distribution networks of conduits Hardy Cross method pipe diameters optimal design |
| title | Two Iterative Methods for Sizing Pipe Diameters in Gas Distribution Networks with Loops |
| title_full | Two Iterative Methods for Sizing Pipe Diameters in Gas Distribution Networks with Loops |
| title_fullStr | Two Iterative Methods for Sizing Pipe Diameters in Gas Distribution Networks with Loops |
| title_full_unstemmed | Two Iterative Methods for Sizing Pipe Diameters in Gas Distribution Networks with Loops |
| title_short | Two Iterative Methods for Sizing Pipe Diameters in Gas Distribution Networks with Loops |
| title_sort | two iterative methods for sizing pipe diameters in gas distribution networks with loops |
| topic | gas distribution networks of conduits Hardy Cross method pipe diameters optimal design |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3197/12/2/25 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT dejanbrkic twoiterativemethodsforsizingpipediametersingasdistributionnetworkswithloops |