Profiling the Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Gastric Cancer Reveals Its Implication in the Prognosis
Gastric cancer is the fifth most common malignancy and the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Immunotherapy offers promising new treatment options for gastric cancer patients; however, it is only effective in a limited fraction of patients. In this study, we evaluated the com...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Genes |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/13/6/1017 |
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| author | Weiqiang Yu Shuaili Wang Qiqi Rong Olugbenga Emmanuel Ajayi Kongwang Hu Qingfa Wu |
| author_facet | Weiqiang Yu Shuaili Wang Qiqi Rong Olugbenga Emmanuel Ajayi Kongwang Hu Qingfa Wu |
| author_sort | Weiqiang Yu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Gastric cancer is the fifth most common malignancy and the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Immunotherapy offers promising new treatment options for gastric cancer patients; however, it is only effective in a limited fraction of patients. In this study, we evaluated the composition of 22 tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in TCGA Stomach Adenocarcinoma (STAD) using deconvolution-based method by analyzing the publicly available bulk tumor RNA-seq data. The patients were classified into high-TIL and low-TIL subtypes based on their immune cell profiles and prognosis outputs. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two subtypes were identified, and GO/KEGG analysis showed that broad immune genes, such as PD-L1 and PD-1, were highly expressed in the high-TIL subtype. A comprehensive protein–protein interaction (PPI) network centered on DEGs was built, and 16 hub genes of the network were further identified. Based on the hub genes, an elastic model with 11 gene signatures (<i>NKG7</i>, <i>GZMB</i>, <i>IL2RB</i>, <i>CCL5</i>, <i>CD8A</i>, <i>IDO1</i>, <i>MYH1</i>, <i>GNLY</i>, <i>CXCL11</i>, <i>GBP5</i> and <i>PRF1</i>) was developed to predict the high-TIL subtype. In summary, our findings showed that the compositions of TILs within the tumor immune microenvironment of stomach cancer patients are highly heterogeneous, and the profiles of TILs have the potential to be predictive markers of patients’ responses and overall survival outcomes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:44:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e749176f97ba4e299e6099d6d14a1213 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4425 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:44:16Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Genes |
| spelling | doaj.art-e749176f97ba4e299e6099d6d14a12132023-11-23T16:47:55ZengMDPI AGGenes2073-44252022-06-01136101710.3390/genes13061017Profiling the Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Gastric Cancer Reveals Its Implication in the PrognosisWeiqiang Yu0Shuaili Wang1Qiqi Rong2Olugbenga Emmanuel Ajayi3Kongwang Hu4Qingfa Wu5Division of Molecular Medicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, ChinaDivision of Molecular Medicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, ChinaDivision of Molecular Medicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, ChinaDivision of Molecular Medicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, ChinaDepartment of General Surgery, Fuyang Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Fuyang 236000, ChinaDivision of Molecular Medicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, ChinaGastric cancer is the fifth most common malignancy and the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Immunotherapy offers promising new treatment options for gastric cancer patients; however, it is only effective in a limited fraction of patients. In this study, we evaluated the composition of 22 tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in TCGA Stomach Adenocarcinoma (STAD) using deconvolution-based method by analyzing the publicly available bulk tumor RNA-seq data. The patients were classified into high-TIL and low-TIL subtypes based on their immune cell profiles and prognosis outputs. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two subtypes were identified, and GO/KEGG analysis showed that broad immune genes, such as PD-L1 and PD-1, were highly expressed in the high-TIL subtype. A comprehensive protein–protein interaction (PPI) network centered on DEGs was built, and 16 hub genes of the network were further identified. Based on the hub genes, an elastic model with 11 gene signatures (<i>NKG7</i>, <i>GZMB</i>, <i>IL2RB</i>, <i>CCL5</i>, <i>CD8A</i>, <i>IDO1</i>, <i>MYH1</i>, <i>GNLY</i>, <i>CXCL11</i>, <i>GBP5</i> and <i>PRF1</i>) was developed to predict the high-TIL subtype. In summary, our findings showed that the compositions of TILs within the tumor immune microenvironment of stomach cancer patients are highly heterogeneous, and the profiles of TILs have the potential to be predictive markers of patients’ responses and overall survival outcomes.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/13/6/1017gastric cancerimmunotherapytumor-infiltrating lymphocyteshub-genesprognosis |
| spellingShingle | Weiqiang Yu Shuaili Wang Qiqi Rong Olugbenga Emmanuel Ajayi Kongwang Hu Qingfa Wu Profiling the Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Gastric Cancer Reveals Its Implication in the Prognosis Genes gastric cancer immunotherapy tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes hub-genes prognosis |
| title | Profiling the Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Gastric Cancer Reveals Its Implication in the Prognosis |
| title_full | Profiling the Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Gastric Cancer Reveals Its Implication in the Prognosis |
| title_fullStr | Profiling the Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Gastric Cancer Reveals Its Implication in the Prognosis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Profiling the Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Gastric Cancer Reveals Its Implication in the Prognosis |
| title_short | Profiling the Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Gastric Cancer Reveals Its Implication in the Prognosis |
| title_sort | profiling the tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in gastric cancer reveals its implication in the prognosis |
| topic | gastric cancer immunotherapy tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes hub-genes prognosis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/13/6/1017 |
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