Potential Therapeutic Target and Vaccines for SARS-CoV-2
The coronavirus has become the most interesting virus for scientists because of the recently emerging deadly SARS-CoV-2. This study aimed to understand the behavior of SARS-CoV-2 through the comparative genomic analysis with the closest one among the seven species of coronavirus that infect humans....
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Pathogens |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/12/7/926 |
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| author | Mohamed A. Hussain Mohamed M. Hassan Bashir Abdrhman Bashir Tarig A. Gamar Elmuaiz Gasmalbari Ahmed Osman Mohamed Wadah Osman Asmaa E. Sherif Abdelaziz Elgaml Aisha A. Alhaddad Kholoud F. Ghazawi Samar F. Miski Bayan E. Ainousah Yusra Saleh Andijani Sabrin R. M. Ibrahim Gamal A. Mohamed Ahmed Ashour |
| author_facet | Mohamed A. Hussain Mohamed M. Hassan Bashir Abdrhman Bashir Tarig A. Gamar Elmuaiz Gasmalbari Ahmed Osman Mohamed Wadah Osman Asmaa E. Sherif Abdelaziz Elgaml Aisha A. Alhaddad Kholoud F. Ghazawi Samar F. Miski Bayan E. Ainousah Yusra Saleh Andijani Sabrin R. M. Ibrahim Gamal A. Mohamed Ahmed Ashour |
| author_sort | Mohamed A. Hussain |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The coronavirus has become the most interesting virus for scientists because of the recently emerging deadly SARS-CoV-2. This study aimed to understand the behavior of SARS-CoV-2 through the comparative genomic analysis with the closest one among the seven species of coronavirus that infect humans. The genomes of coronavirus species that infect humans were retrieved from NCBI, and then subjected to comparative genomic analysis using different bioinformatics tools. The study revealed that SARS-CoV-2 is the most similar to SARS-CoV among the coronavirus species. The core genes were shared by the two genomes, but there were some genes, found in one of them but not in both, such as ORF8, which is found in SARS-CoV-2. The ORF8 protein of SARS-CoV-2 could be considered as a good therapeutic target for stopping viral transmission, as it was predicted to be a transmembrane protein, which is responsible for interspecies transmission. This is supported by the molecular interaction of ORF8 with both the ORF7 protein, which contains a transmembrane domain that is essential to retaining the protein in the Golgi compartment, and the S protein, which facilitates the entry of the coronavirus into host cells. ORF1ab, ORF1a, ORF8, and S proteins of SARS-CoV-2 could be immunogenic and capable of evoking an immune response, which means that these four proteins could be considered a potential vaccine source. Overall, SARS-CoV-2 is most related to SARS-CoV. ORF8 could be considered a potential therapeutic target for stopping viral transmission, and ORF1ab, ORF1a, ORF8, and the S proteins of SARS-CoV-2 could be utilized as a potential vaccine source. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:45:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e76ac44ce2434f5c866f19b7d621a8d0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:45:28Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-e76ac44ce2434f5c866f19b7d621a8d02023-11-18T20:51:00ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172023-07-0112792610.3390/pathogens12070926Potential Therapeutic Target and Vaccines for SARS-CoV-2Mohamed A. Hussain0Mohamed M. Hassan1Bashir Abdrhman Bashir2Tarig A. Gamar3Elmuaiz Gasmalbari4Ahmed Osman Mohamed5Wadah Osman6Asmaa E. Sherif7Abdelaziz Elgaml8Aisha A. Alhaddad9Kholoud F. Ghazawi10Samar F. Miski11Bayan E. Ainousah12Yusra Saleh Andijani13Sabrin R. M. Ibrahim14Gamal A. Mohamed15Ahmed Ashour16Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, International University of Africa, Khartoum 11111, SudanDepartment of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, National University, Khartoum 11111, SudanDepartment of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Port Sudan Ahlia College, Port Sudan 33312, SudanDepartment of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology, Khartoum North 13311, SudanFaculty of Medicine, Omdurman Islamic University, Al Khartoum 14415, SudanDepartment of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, International University of Africa, Khartoum 11111, SudanDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi ArabiaMicrobiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35511, EgyptDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah 30078, Saudi ArabiaClinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah 30078, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah 30078, Saudi ArabiaPreparatory Year Program, Department of Chemistry, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah 21442, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi ArabiaThe coronavirus has become the most interesting virus for scientists because of the recently emerging deadly SARS-CoV-2. This study aimed to understand the behavior of SARS-CoV-2 through the comparative genomic analysis with the closest one among the seven species of coronavirus that infect humans. The genomes of coronavirus species that infect humans were retrieved from NCBI, and then subjected to comparative genomic analysis using different bioinformatics tools. The study revealed that SARS-CoV-2 is the most similar to SARS-CoV among the coronavirus species. The core genes were shared by the two genomes, but there were some genes, found in one of them but not in both, such as ORF8, which is found in SARS-CoV-2. The ORF8 protein of SARS-CoV-2 could be considered as a good therapeutic target for stopping viral transmission, as it was predicted to be a transmembrane protein, which is responsible for interspecies transmission. This is supported by the molecular interaction of ORF8 with both the ORF7 protein, which contains a transmembrane domain that is essential to retaining the protein in the Golgi compartment, and the S protein, which facilitates the entry of the coronavirus into host cells. ORF1ab, ORF1a, ORF8, and S proteins of SARS-CoV-2 could be immunogenic and capable of evoking an immune response, which means that these four proteins could be considered a potential vaccine source. Overall, SARS-CoV-2 is most related to SARS-CoV. ORF8 could be considered a potential therapeutic target for stopping viral transmission, and ORF1ab, ORF1a, ORF8, and the S proteins of SARS-CoV-2 could be utilized as a potential vaccine source.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/12/7/926comparative genomicscoronavirusCOVID-19genes and proteins analysistherapeutic target and vaccineSDGs |
| spellingShingle | Mohamed A. Hussain Mohamed M. Hassan Bashir Abdrhman Bashir Tarig A. Gamar Elmuaiz Gasmalbari Ahmed Osman Mohamed Wadah Osman Asmaa E. Sherif Abdelaziz Elgaml Aisha A. Alhaddad Kholoud F. Ghazawi Samar F. Miski Bayan E. Ainousah Yusra Saleh Andijani Sabrin R. M. Ibrahim Gamal A. Mohamed Ahmed Ashour Potential Therapeutic Target and Vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 Pathogens comparative genomics coronavirus COVID-19 genes and proteins analysis therapeutic target and vaccine SDGs |
| title | Potential Therapeutic Target and Vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 |
| title_full | Potential Therapeutic Target and Vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 |
| title_fullStr | Potential Therapeutic Target and Vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Potential Therapeutic Target and Vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 |
| title_short | Potential Therapeutic Target and Vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 |
| title_sort | potential therapeutic target and vaccines for sars cov 2 |
| topic | comparative genomics coronavirus COVID-19 genes and proteins analysis therapeutic target and vaccine SDGs |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/12/7/926 |
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