Mechanisms of Immunopathogenesis in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis And Post Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL)
Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease that affects 12 million people worldwide. The disease has high morbidity and mortality rates and is prevalent in over 80 countries, leaving more than 300 million people at risk of infection. Of all of the manifestations of this disease, cutaneous leishma...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-06-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2021.685296/full |
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| author | Greta Volpedo Greta Volpedo Thalia Pacheco-Fernandez Erin A. Holcomb Natalie Cipriano Blake Cox Abhay R. Satoskar Abhay R. Satoskar |
| author_facet | Greta Volpedo Greta Volpedo Thalia Pacheco-Fernandez Erin A. Holcomb Natalie Cipriano Blake Cox Abhay R. Satoskar Abhay R. Satoskar |
| author_sort | Greta Volpedo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease that affects 12 million people worldwide. The disease has high morbidity and mortality rates and is prevalent in over 80 countries, leaving more than 300 million people at risk of infection. Of all of the manifestations of this disease, cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is the most common form and it presents as ulcerating skin lesions that can self-heal or become chronic, leading to disfiguring scars. This review focuses on the different pathologies and disease manifestations of CL, as well as their varying degrees of severity. In particular, this review will discuss self-healing localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL), leishmaniasis recidivans (LR), mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL), anergic diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (ADCL), disseminated leishmaniasis (DL), and Post Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL), which is a cutaneous manifestation observed in some visceral leishmaniasis (VL) patients after successful treatment. The different clinical manifestations of CL are determined by a variety of factors including the species of the parasites and the host’s immune response. Specifically, the balance between the pro and anti-inflammatory mediators plays a vital role in the clinical presentation and outcome of the disease. Depending upon the immune response, Leishmania infection can also transition from one form of the disease to another. In this review, different forms of cutaneous Leishmania infections and their immunology are described. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T09:59:00Z |
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| id | doaj.art-e77db1be3a724124aa555a619d64a72a |
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| issn | 2235-2988 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T09:59:00Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-e77db1be3a724124aa555a619d64a72a2022-12-21T23:07:20ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology2235-29882021-06-011110.3389/fcimb.2021.685296685296Mechanisms of Immunopathogenesis in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis And Post Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL)Greta Volpedo0Greta Volpedo1Thalia Pacheco-Fernandez2Erin A. Holcomb3Natalie Cipriano4Blake Cox5Abhay R. Satoskar6Abhay R. Satoskar7Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United StatesDepartment of Microbiology, College of Arts and Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United StatesDepartment of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United StatesDepartment of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United StatesDepartment of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United StatesDepartment of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United StatesDepartment of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United StatesDepartment of Microbiology, College of Arts and Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United StatesLeishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease that affects 12 million people worldwide. The disease has high morbidity and mortality rates and is prevalent in over 80 countries, leaving more than 300 million people at risk of infection. Of all of the manifestations of this disease, cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is the most common form and it presents as ulcerating skin lesions that can self-heal or become chronic, leading to disfiguring scars. This review focuses on the different pathologies and disease manifestations of CL, as well as their varying degrees of severity. In particular, this review will discuss self-healing localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL), leishmaniasis recidivans (LR), mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL), anergic diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (ADCL), disseminated leishmaniasis (DL), and Post Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL), which is a cutaneous manifestation observed in some visceral leishmaniasis (VL) patients after successful treatment. The different clinical manifestations of CL are determined by a variety of factors including the species of the parasites and the host’s immune response. Specifically, the balance between the pro and anti-inflammatory mediators plays a vital role in the clinical presentation and outcome of the disease. Depending upon the immune response, Leishmania infection can also transition from one form of the disease to another. In this review, different forms of cutaneous Leishmania infections and their immunology are described.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2021.685296/fullTh1/Th2Cutaneous leishmaniasispost Kala-azar dermal leishmaniasisimmunoregulationimmunopathology |
| spellingShingle | Greta Volpedo Greta Volpedo Thalia Pacheco-Fernandez Erin A. Holcomb Natalie Cipriano Blake Cox Abhay R. Satoskar Abhay R. Satoskar Mechanisms of Immunopathogenesis in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis And Post Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL) Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology Th1/Th2 Cutaneous leishmaniasis post Kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis immunoregulation immunopathology |
| title | Mechanisms of Immunopathogenesis in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis And Post Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL) |
| title_full | Mechanisms of Immunopathogenesis in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis And Post Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL) |
| title_fullStr | Mechanisms of Immunopathogenesis in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis And Post Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mechanisms of Immunopathogenesis in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis And Post Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL) |
| title_short | Mechanisms of Immunopathogenesis in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis And Post Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL) |
| title_sort | mechanisms of immunopathogenesis in cutaneous leishmaniasis and post kala azar dermal leishmaniasis pkdl |
| topic | Th1/Th2 Cutaneous leishmaniasis post Kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis immunoregulation immunopathology |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2021.685296/full |
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