Grid-Sim: Simulating Electric Fleet Charging with Renewable Generation and Battery Storage
The inevitable electrification of the sub-Saharan African paratransit system poses substantial threats to an already crippled electricity supply network. The integration of any electric vehicle fleet in this region will require in-depth analyses and understanding of the grid impact due to charging....
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-10-01
|
| Series: | World Electric Vehicle Journal |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2032-6653/14/10/274 |
| _version_ | 1797571988438384640 |
|---|---|
| author | Johannes Human Giliomee Marthinus Johannes Booysen |
| author_facet | Johannes Human Giliomee Marthinus Johannes Booysen |
| author_sort | Johannes Human Giliomee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The inevitable electrification of the sub-Saharan African paratransit system poses substantial threats to an already crippled electricity supply network. The integration of any electric vehicle fleet in this region will require in-depth analyses and understanding of the grid impact due to charging. This allows informative decisions for sufficient planning to be made for the required network infrastructure or the implementation of applicable ‘load-shifting’ techniques. This paper presents Grid-Sim, a software tool that enables comprehensive analysis of the grid impact implications of electrifying vehicle fleets. Grid-Sim is applied to assess the load profiles, energy demand, load-shifting techniques, and associated emissions for two charging stations serving an electrified minibus taxi fleet of 202 vehicles in Johannesburg, South Africa. It is found that the current operation patterns result in a peak grid power draw of 12 kW/taxi, grid-drawn energy of 87.4 kWh/taxi/day, and, subsequently, 93 kg CO<sub>2</sub>/taxi/day of emissions. However, when using the built-in option of including external batteries and a solar charging station, the average peak power draw reduces by 66%, and both grid-drawn energy and emissions reduce by 58%. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:49:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e7861e8f86484b56b40e7f13efe3e375 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2032-6653 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:49:18Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | World Electric Vehicle Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-e7861e8f86484b56b40e7f13efe3e3752023-11-19T18:31:52ZengMDPI AGWorld Electric Vehicle Journal2032-66532023-10-01141027410.3390/wevj14100274Grid-Sim: Simulating Electric Fleet Charging with Renewable Generation and Battery StorageJohannes Human Giliomee0Marthinus Johannes Booysen1Department of E&E Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South AfricaFaculty of Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South AfricaThe inevitable electrification of the sub-Saharan African paratransit system poses substantial threats to an already crippled electricity supply network. The integration of any electric vehicle fleet in this region will require in-depth analyses and understanding of the grid impact due to charging. This allows informative decisions for sufficient planning to be made for the required network infrastructure or the implementation of applicable ‘load-shifting’ techniques. This paper presents Grid-Sim, a software tool that enables comprehensive analysis of the grid impact implications of electrifying vehicle fleets. Grid-Sim is applied to assess the load profiles, energy demand, load-shifting techniques, and associated emissions for two charging stations serving an electrified minibus taxi fleet of 202 vehicles in Johannesburg, South Africa. It is found that the current operation patterns result in a peak grid power draw of 12 kW/taxi, grid-drawn energy of 87.4 kWh/taxi/day, and, subsequently, 93 kg CO<sub>2</sub>/taxi/day of emissions. However, when using the built-in option of including external batteries and a solar charging station, the average peak power draw reduces by 66%, and both grid-drawn energy and emissions reduce by 58%.https://www.mdpi.com/2032-6653/14/10/274paratransitelectric vehicleminibus taxienergy expendituregrid impactvehicle charging |
| spellingShingle | Johannes Human Giliomee Marthinus Johannes Booysen Grid-Sim: Simulating Electric Fleet Charging with Renewable Generation and Battery Storage World Electric Vehicle Journal paratransit electric vehicle minibus taxi energy expenditure grid impact vehicle charging |
| title | Grid-Sim: Simulating Electric Fleet Charging with Renewable Generation and Battery Storage |
| title_full | Grid-Sim: Simulating Electric Fleet Charging with Renewable Generation and Battery Storage |
| title_fullStr | Grid-Sim: Simulating Electric Fleet Charging with Renewable Generation and Battery Storage |
| title_full_unstemmed | Grid-Sim: Simulating Electric Fleet Charging with Renewable Generation and Battery Storage |
| title_short | Grid-Sim: Simulating Electric Fleet Charging with Renewable Generation and Battery Storage |
| title_sort | grid sim simulating electric fleet charging with renewable generation and battery storage |
| topic | paratransit electric vehicle minibus taxi energy expenditure grid impact vehicle charging |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2032-6653/14/10/274 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT johanneshumangiliomee gridsimsimulatingelectricfleetchargingwithrenewablegenerationandbatterystorage AT marthinusjohannesbooysen gridsimsimulatingelectricfleetchargingwithrenewablegenerationandbatterystorage |