High coverage needle/syringe programs for people who inject drugs in low and middle income countries: a systematic review
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Persons who inject drugs (PWID) are at an elevated risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. In many high-income countries, needle and syringe exchange programs (NSP) have been associated with...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2013-01-01
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| Series: | BMC Public Health |
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| Online Access: | http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/13/53 |
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| author | Des Jarlais Don C Feelemyer Jonathan P Modi Shilpa N Abdul-Quader Abu Hagan Holly |
| author_facet | Des Jarlais Don C Feelemyer Jonathan P Modi Shilpa N Abdul-Quader Abu Hagan Holly |
| author_sort | Des Jarlais Don C |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Persons who inject drugs (PWID) are at an elevated risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. In many high-income countries, needle and syringe exchange programs (NSP) have been associated with reductions in blood-borne infections. However, we do not have a good understanding of the effectiveness of NSP in low/middle-income and transitional-economy countries.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A systematic literature review based on PRISMA guidelines was utilized to collect primary study data on coverage of NSP programs and changes in HIV and HCV infection over time among PWID in low-and middle-income and transitional countries (LMICs). Included studies reported laboratory measures of either HIV or HCV and at least 50% coverage of the local injecting population (through direct use or through secondary exchange). We also included national reports on newly reported HIV cases for countries that had national level data for PWID in conjunction with NSP scale-up and implementation.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Studies of 11 NSPs with high-coverage from Bangladesh, Brazil, China, Estonia, Iran, Lithuania, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam were included in the review. In five studies HIV prevalence decreased (range −3% to −15%) and in three studies HCV prevalence decreased (range −4.2% to −10.2%). In two studies HIV prevalence increased (range +5.6% to +14.8%). HCV incidence remained stable in one study. Of the four national reports of newly reported HIV cases, three reported decreases during NSP expansion, ranging from −30% to −93.3%, while one national report documented an increase in cases (+37.6%). Estimated incidence among new injectors decreased in three studies, with reductions ranging from −11/100 person years at risk to −16/100 person years at risk.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>While not fully consistent, the data generally support the effectiveness of NSP in reducing HIV and HCV infection in low/middle-income and transitional-economy countries. If high coverage is achieved, NSP appear to be as effective in LMICs as in high-income countries. Additional monitoring and evaluation research is needed for NSPs where reductions in HIV/HCV infection among PWID are not occurring in order to identify and correct contributing problems.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T00:37:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e7867b60012147cf814b37f7a0816e3c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2458 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T00:37:11Z |
| publishDate | 2013-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | BMC Public Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-e7867b60012147cf814b37f7a0816e3c2022-12-22T03:10:18ZengBMCBMC Public Health1471-24582013-01-011315310.1186/1471-2458-13-53High coverage needle/syringe programs for people who inject drugs in low and middle income countries: a systematic reviewDes Jarlais Don CFeelemyer Jonathan PModi Shilpa NAbdul-Quader AbuHagan Holly<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Persons who inject drugs (PWID) are at an elevated risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. In many high-income countries, needle and syringe exchange programs (NSP) have been associated with reductions in blood-borne infections. However, we do not have a good understanding of the effectiveness of NSP in low/middle-income and transitional-economy countries.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A systematic literature review based on PRISMA guidelines was utilized to collect primary study data on coverage of NSP programs and changes in HIV and HCV infection over time among PWID in low-and middle-income and transitional countries (LMICs). Included studies reported laboratory measures of either HIV or HCV and at least 50% coverage of the local injecting population (through direct use or through secondary exchange). We also included national reports on newly reported HIV cases for countries that had national level data for PWID in conjunction with NSP scale-up and implementation.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Studies of 11 NSPs with high-coverage from Bangladesh, Brazil, China, Estonia, Iran, Lithuania, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam were included in the review. In five studies HIV prevalence decreased (range −3% to −15%) and in three studies HCV prevalence decreased (range −4.2% to −10.2%). In two studies HIV prevalence increased (range +5.6% to +14.8%). HCV incidence remained stable in one study. Of the four national reports of newly reported HIV cases, three reported decreases during NSP expansion, ranging from −30% to −93.3%, while one national report documented an increase in cases (+37.6%). Estimated incidence among new injectors decreased in three studies, with reductions ranging from −11/100 person years at risk to −16/100 person years at risk.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>While not fully consistent, the data generally support the effectiveness of NSP in reducing HIV and HCV infection in low/middle-income and transitional-economy countries. If high coverage is achieved, NSP appear to be as effective in LMICs as in high-income countries. Additional monitoring and evaluation research is needed for NSPs where reductions in HIV/HCV infection among PWID are not occurring in order to identify and correct contributing problems.</p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/13/53HIVHepatitis CNeedle and syringe programsSyringe exchange programsPeople who inject drugsInjecting drug use |
| spellingShingle | Des Jarlais Don C Feelemyer Jonathan P Modi Shilpa N Abdul-Quader Abu Hagan Holly High coverage needle/syringe programs for people who inject drugs in low and middle income countries: a systematic review BMC Public Health HIV Hepatitis C Needle and syringe programs Syringe exchange programs People who inject drugs Injecting drug use |
| title | High coverage needle/syringe programs for people who inject drugs in low and middle income countries: a systematic review |
| title_full | High coverage needle/syringe programs for people who inject drugs in low and middle income countries: a systematic review |
| title_fullStr | High coverage needle/syringe programs for people who inject drugs in low and middle income countries: a systematic review |
| title_full_unstemmed | High coverage needle/syringe programs for people who inject drugs in low and middle income countries: a systematic review |
| title_short | High coverage needle/syringe programs for people who inject drugs in low and middle income countries: a systematic review |
| title_sort | high coverage needle syringe programs for people who inject drugs in low and middle income countries a systematic review |
| topic | HIV Hepatitis C Needle and syringe programs Syringe exchange programs People who inject drugs Injecting drug use |
| url | http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/13/53 |
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