Reduced-representation sequencing identifies small effective population sizes of Anopheles gambiae in the north-western Lake Victoria basin, Uganda
Abstract Background Malaria is the leading cause of global paediatric mortality in children below 5 years of age. The number of fatalities has reduced significantly due to an expansion of control interventions but the development of new technologies remains necessary in order to achieve elimination....
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2018-08-01
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| Series: | Malaria Journal |
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| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12936-018-2432-0 |
| _version_ | 1819137235008618496 |
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| author | Rachel M. Wiltshire Christina M. Bergey Jonathan K. Kayondo Josephine Birungi Louis G. Mukwaya Scott J. Emrich Nora J. Besansky Frank H. Collins |
| author_facet | Rachel M. Wiltshire Christina M. Bergey Jonathan K. Kayondo Josephine Birungi Louis G. Mukwaya Scott J. Emrich Nora J. Besansky Frank H. Collins |
| author_sort | Rachel M. Wiltshire |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Malaria is the leading cause of global paediatric mortality in children below 5 years of age. The number of fatalities has reduced significantly due to an expansion of control interventions but the development of new technologies remains necessary in order to achieve elimination. Recent attention has been focused on the release of genetically modified (GM) mosquitoes into natural vector populations as a mechanism of interrupting parasite transmission but despite successful in vivo laboratory studies, a detailed population genetic assessment, which must first precede any proposed field trial, has yet to be undertaken systematically. Here, the genetic structure of Anopheles gambiae populations in north-western Lake Victoria is explored to assess their suitability as candidates for a pilot field study release of GM mosquitoes. Methods 478 Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes were collected from six locations and a subset (N = 96) was selected for restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RADseq). The resulting single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker set was analysed for effective size (Ne), connectivity and population structure (PCA, FST). Results 5175 high-quality genome-wide SNPs were identified. A principal components analysis (PCA) of the collinear genomic regions illustrated that individuals clustered in concordance with geographic origin with some overlap between sites. Genetic differentiation between populations was varied with inter-island comparisons having the highest values (median FST 0.0480–0.0846). Ne estimates were generally small (124.2–1920.3). Conclusions A reduced-representation SNP marker set for genome-wide An. gambiae genetic analysis in the north-western Lake Victoria basin is reported. Island populations demonstrated low to moderate genetic differentiation and greater structure suggesting some limitation to migration. Smaller estimates of Ne indicate that an introduced effector transgene will be more susceptible to genetic drift but to ensure that it is driven to fixation a robust gene drive mechanism will likely be needed. These findings, together with their favourable location and suitability for frequent monitoring, indicate that the Ssese Islands contain several candidate field locations, which merit further evaluation as potential GM mosquito pilot release sites. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T10:47:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e7927fd97674463d81f79d31c0711fd6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1475-2875 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T10:47:39Z |
| publishDate | 2018-08-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Malaria Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-e7927fd97674463d81f79d31c0711fd62022-12-21T18:28:53ZengBMCMalaria Journal1475-28752018-08-0117111210.1186/s12936-018-2432-0Reduced-representation sequencing identifies small effective population sizes of Anopheles gambiae in the north-western Lake Victoria basin, UgandaRachel M. Wiltshire0Christina M. Bergey1Jonathan K. Kayondo2Josephine Birungi3Louis G. Mukwaya4Scott J. Emrich5Nora J. Besansky6Frank H. Collins7Eck Institute for Global Health, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre DameDepartments of Anthropology and Biology, The Pennsylvania State UniversityDivision of Entomology and Vector Biology, Uganda Virus Research InstituteDivision of Entomology and Vector Biology, Uganda Virus Research InstituteDivision of Entomology and Vector Biology, Uganda Virus Research InstituteDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of TennesseeEck Institute for Global Health, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre DameEck Institute for Global Health, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre DameAbstract Background Malaria is the leading cause of global paediatric mortality in children below 5 years of age. The number of fatalities has reduced significantly due to an expansion of control interventions but the development of new technologies remains necessary in order to achieve elimination. Recent attention has been focused on the release of genetically modified (GM) mosquitoes into natural vector populations as a mechanism of interrupting parasite transmission but despite successful in vivo laboratory studies, a detailed population genetic assessment, which must first precede any proposed field trial, has yet to be undertaken systematically. Here, the genetic structure of Anopheles gambiae populations in north-western Lake Victoria is explored to assess their suitability as candidates for a pilot field study release of GM mosquitoes. Methods 478 Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes were collected from six locations and a subset (N = 96) was selected for restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RADseq). The resulting single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker set was analysed for effective size (Ne), connectivity and population structure (PCA, FST). Results 5175 high-quality genome-wide SNPs were identified. A principal components analysis (PCA) of the collinear genomic regions illustrated that individuals clustered in concordance with geographic origin with some overlap between sites. Genetic differentiation between populations was varied with inter-island comparisons having the highest values (median FST 0.0480–0.0846). Ne estimates were generally small (124.2–1920.3). Conclusions A reduced-representation SNP marker set for genome-wide An. gambiae genetic analysis in the north-western Lake Victoria basin is reported. Island populations demonstrated low to moderate genetic differentiation and greater structure suggesting some limitation to migration. Smaller estimates of Ne indicate that an introduced effector transgene will be more susceptible to genetic drift but to ensure that it is driven to fixation a robust gene drive mechanism will likely be needed. These findings, together with their favourable location and suitability for frequent monitoring, indicate that the Ssese Islands contain several candidate field locations, which merit further evaluation as potential GM mosquito pilot release sites.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12936-018-2432-0Anopheles gambiaeSingle nucleotide polymorphismSNPRADseqPopulation structureEffective population size |
| spellingShingle | Rachel M. Wiltshire Christina M. Bergey Jonathan K. Kayondo Josephine Birungi Louis G. Mukwaya Scott J. Emrich Nora J. Besansky Frank H. Collins Reduced-representation sequencing identifies small effective population sizes of Anopheles gambiae in the north-western Lake Victoria basin, Uganda Malaria Journal Anopheles gambiae Single nucleotide polymorphism SNP RADseq Population structure Effective population size |
| title | Reduced-representation sequencing identifies small effective population sizes of Anopheles gambiae in the north-western Lake Victoria basin, Uganda |
| title_full | Reduced-representation sequencing identifies small effective population sizes of Anopheles gambiae in the north-western Lake Victoria basin, Uganda |
| title_fullStr | Reduced-representation sequencing identifies small effective population sizes of Anopheles gambiae in the north-western Lake Victoria basin, Uganda |
| title_full_unstemmed | Reduced-representation sequencing identifies small effective population sizes of Anopheles gambiae in the north-western Lake Victoria basin, Uganda |
| title_short | Reduced-representation sequencing identifies small effective population sizes of Anopheles gambiae in the north-western Lake Victoria basin, Uganda |
| title_sort | reduced representation sequencing identifies small effective population sizes of anopheles gambiae in the north western lake victoria basin uganda |
| topic | Anopheles gambiae Single nucleotide polymorphism SNP RADseq Population structure Effective population size |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12936-018-2432-0 |
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