The Effect of Polybutylcyanoacrylate Nanoparticles as a Protos Delivery Vehicle on Dental Bone Formation
Background: Dental implants are commonly used for missing teeth, for which success depends heavily on the quality of the alveolar bone. The creation of an ideal implant site is a key component in shortening the treatment time, which remains clinically challenging. Strontium ranelate (Protos) is an a...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-05-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/9/4873 |
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| author | Li-Ching Chang Chiu-Yen Chung Chun-Hui Chiu Martin Hsiu-Chu Lin Jen-Tsung Yang |
| author_facet | Li-Ching Chang Chiu-Yen Chung Chun-Hui Chiu Martin Hsiu-Chu Lin Jen-Tsung Yang |
| author_sort | Li-Ching Chang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Dental implants are commonly used for missing teeth, for which success depends heavily on the quality of the alveolar bone. The creation of an ideal implant site is a key component in shortening the treatment time, which remains clinically challenging. Strontium ranelate (Protos) is an anti-osteoporotic agent which has previously been used to promote bone formation, however the systemic use of Protos has been linked to serious cardiovascular and venous thromboembolic events, thus local delivery strategies may be better suited for this purpose. In this study, a biodegradable, and biocompatible nanocarrier “polybutylcyanoacrylate” (PBCA) loaded with strontium was constructed and its ability to promote bone formation was assessed. Methodology: PBCA nanoparticles loaded with strontium (PBCA-Sr NPs) were synthesized using the emulsion polymerization method, and their physical properties (zeta potential, size and shape) and entrapment efficiency were characterized. Committed MSCs (osteoblasts) were derived from the differentiation of cultured rat mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), which were tested with the PBCA-Sr NPs for cytotoxicity, inflammatory response, bone formation and mineralization. Scanning electron microscopy was performed following a 7-day treatment of PBCA-Sr NPs on decellularized procaine mandibular bone blocks grafted with osteoblasts. Results: Spherical PBCA-Sr NPs of 166.7 ± 2.3 nm, zeta potential of −1.15 ± 0.28 mV with a strontium loading efficiency of 90.04 ± 3.27% were constructed. The presence of strontium was confirmed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Rat committed MSCs incubated in PBCA-Sr NPs for 24 hrs showed viabilities in excess of 90% for concentrations of up to 250 ug/mL, the cellular expression of osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase were 1.4 and 1.3 times higher than the untreated control, and significantly higher than those treated with strontium alone. Bone formation was evident following osteoblast engraftment on the decellularized procaine mandibular bone block with PBCA-Sr NPs, which appeared superior to those treated with strontium alone. Conclusion: Treatment of committed MSCs with PBCA-Sr NPs showed higher expression of markers of bone formation when compared with strontium alone and which corresponded to greater degree of bone formation observed on the 3-dimensinal decellularized procaine mandibular bone block. Further quantitative analysis on the extent of new bone formation is warranted. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:42:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e79f5914c94149ce980ebd7d986342b4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:42:51Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-e79f5914c94149ce980ebd7d986342b42023-11-21T18:23:51ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-05-01229487310.3390/ijms22094873The Effect of Polybutylcyanoacrylate Nanoparticles as a Protos Delivery Vehicle on Dental Bone FormationLi-Ching Chang0Chiu-Yen Chung1Chun-Hui Chiu2Martin Hsiu-Chu Lin3Jen-Tsung Yang4Department of Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, TaiwanDepartment of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi Branch, 6, Sec. West, Chai-Pu Road, Pu-Tz City, Chia-Yi 61363, TaiwanGraduate Institute of Health-Industry Technology, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Tao-Yuan 33303, TaiwanDepartment of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi Branch, 6, Sec. West, Chai-Pu Road, Pu-Tz City, Chia-Yi 61363, TaiwanDepartment of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi Branch, 6, Sec. West, Chai-Pu Road, Pu-Tz City, Chia-Yi 61363, TaiwanBackground: Dental implants are commonly used for missing teeth, for which success depends heavily on the quality of the alveolar bone. The creation of an ideal implant site is a key component in shortening the treatment time, which remains clinically challenging. Strontium ranelate (Protos) is an anti-osteoporotic agent which has previously been used to promote bone formation, however the systemic use of Protos has been linked to serious cardiovascular and venous thromboembolic events, thus local delivery strategies may be better suited for this purpose. In this study, a biodegradable, and biocompatible nanocarrier “polybutylcyanoacrylate” (PBCA) loaded with strontium was constructed and its ability to promote bone formation was assessed. Methodology: PBCA nanoparticles loaded with strontium (PBCA-Sr NPs) were synthesized using the emulsion polymerization method, and their physical properties (zeta potential, size and shape) and entrapment efficiency were characterized. Committed MSCs (osteoblasts) were derived from the differentiation of cultured rat mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), which were tested with the PBCA-Sr NPs for cytotoxicity, inflammatory response, bone formation and mineralization. Scanning electron microscopy was performed following a 7-day treatment of PBCA-Sr NPs on decellularized procaine mandibular bone blocks grafted with osteoblasts. Results: Spherical PBCA-Sr NPs of 166.7 ± 2.3 nm, zeta potential of −1.15 ± 0.28 mV with a strontium loading efficiency of 90.04 ± 3.27% were constructed. The presence of strontium was confirmed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Rat committed MSCs incubated in PBCA-Sr NPs for 24 hrs showed viabilities in excess of 90% for concentrations of up to 250 ug/mL, the cellular expression of osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase were 1.4 and 1.3 times higher than the untreated control, and significantly higher than those treated with strontium alone. Bone formation was evident following osteoblast engraftment on the decellularized procaine mandibular bone block with PBCA-Sr NPs, which appeared superior to those treated with strontium alone. Conclusion: Treatment of committed MSCs with PBCA-Sr NPs showed higher expression of markers of bone formation when compared with strontium alone and which corresponded to greater degree of bone formation observed on the 3-dimensinal decellularized procaine mandibular bone block. Further quantitative analysis on the extent of new bone formation is warranted.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/9/4873strontiumbone formationpolybutylcyanoacrylatenanotechnique |
| spellingShingle | Li-Ching Chang Chiu-Yen Chung Chun-Hui Chiu Martin Hsiu-Chu Lin Jen-Tsung Yang The Effect of Polybutylcyanoacrylate Nanoparticles as a Protos Delivery Vehicle on Dental Bone Formation International Journal of Molecular Sciences strontium bone formation polybutylcyanoacrylate nanotechnique |
| title | The Effect of Polybutylcyanoacrylate Nanoparticles as a Protos Delivery Vehicle on Dental Bone Formation |
| title_full | The Effect of Polybutylcyanoacrylate Nanoparticles as a Protos Delivery Vehicle on Dental Bone Formation |
| title_fullStr | The Effect of Polybutylcyanoacrylate Nanoparticles as a Protos Delivery Vehicle on Dental Bone Formation |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Effect of Polybutylcyanoacrylate Nanoparticles as a Protos Delivery Vehicle on Dental Bone Formation |
| title_short | The Effect of Polybutylcyanoacrylate Nanoparticles as a Protos Delivery Vehicle on Dental Bone Formation |
| title_sort | effect of polybutylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles as a protos delivery vehicle on dental bone formation |
| topic | strontium bone formation polybutylcyanoacrylate nanotechnique |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/9/4873 |
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