Machine-Learning-Based Qubit Allocation for Error Reduction in Quantum Circuits
Quantum computing is a quickly growing field with great potential for future technology. Quantum computers in the current noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era face two major limitations:1) qubit count and 2) error vulnerability. Although quantum error correction methods exist, they are not ap...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IEEE
2023-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Transactions on Quantum Engineering |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10209261/ |
| _version_ | 1797322592788414464 |
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| author | Travis LeCompte Fang Qi Xu Yuan Nian-Feng Tzeng M. Hassan Najafi Lu Peng |
| author_facet | Travis LeCompte Fang Qi Xu Yuan Nian-Feng Tzeng M. Hassan Najafi Lu Peng |
| author_sort | Travis LeCompte |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Quantum computing is a quickly growing field with great potential for future technology. Quantum computers in the current noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era face two major limitations:1) qubit count and 2) error vulnerability. Although quantum error correction methods exist, they are not applicable to the current size of computers, requiring thousands of qubits, while current NISQ systems have hundreds at most. It is, therefore, imperative to improve the reliability of the circuits as much as possible to make them robust to the errors that will occur. One common approach is to adjust the compilation process of a circuit to create a final circuit with improved reliability. However, there are many decisions to be made when compiling that affect the final performance of the circuit, two of the most critical ones being the mapping of logical to physical qubits (the qubit allocation problem) and the movement of qubits to satisfy two-qubit gate adjacency requirements (the qubit routing problem). We focus on solving the qubit allocation problem and identifying initial layouts that reduce error. To identify these layouts, we combine reinforcement learning with a graph neural network (GNN)-based Q-network for analyzing both the connections and error rates of the graphlike backend of superconducting quantum computers to make mapping decisions, creating a GNN-assisted compilation (GNAQC) strategy. We provide both the circuit and the properties of the target backend as input to guide the decision-making process. We work with the IBM Qiskit applications programming interface to compile and simulate our quantum circuits. We train the architecture using a set of four backends and six circuits and find that GNAQC generally outperforms preexisting qubit allocation algorithms, increasing final relative output fidelity by roughly 12.7%. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T05:16:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e7a43d8b9b6a4e778fd6c47bac819828 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2689-1808 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T05:16:33Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Transactions on Quantum Engineering |
| spelling | doaj.art-e7a43d8b9b6a4e778fd6c47bac8198282024-02-07T00:02:15ZengIEEEIEEE Transactions on Quantum Engineering2689-18082023-01-01411410.1109/TQE.2023.330189910209261Machine-Learning-Based Qubit Allocation for Error Reduction in Quantum CircuitsTravis LeCompte0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6915-3545Fang Qi1Xu Yuan2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3775-3033Nian-Feng Tzeng3M. Hassan Najafi4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4655-6229Lu Peng5https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3545-286XLouisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USATulane University, New Orleans, LA, USAUniversity of Delaware, Newark, DE, USAUniversity of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, USAUniversity of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, USATulane University, New Orleans, LA, USAQuantum computing is a quickly growing field with great potential for future technology. Quantum computers in the current noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era face two major limitations:1) qubit count and 2) error vulnerability. Although quantum error correction methods exist, they are not applicable to the current size of computers, requiring thousands of qubits, while current NISQ systems have hundreds at most. It is, therefore, imperative to improve the reliability of the circuits as much as possible to make them robust to the errors that will occur. One common approach is to adjust the compilation process of a circuit to create a final circuit with improved reliability. However, there are many decisions to be made when compiling that affect the final performance of the circuit, two of the most critical ones being the mapping of logical to physical qubits (the qubit allocation problem) and the movement of qubits to satisfy two-qubit gate adjacency requirements (the qubit routing problem). We focus on solving the qubit allocation problem and identifying initial layouts that reduce error. To identify these layouts, we combine reinforcement learning with a graph neural network (GNN)-based Q-network for analyzing both the connections and error rates of the graphlike backend of superconducting quantum computers to make mapping decisions, creating a GNN-assisted compilation (GNAQC) strategy. We provide both the circuit and the properties of the target backend as input to guide the decision-making process. We work with the IBM Qiskit applications programming interface to compile and simulate our quantum circuits. We train the architecture using a set of four backends and six circuits and find that GNAQC generally outperforms preexisting qubit allocation algorithms, increasing final relative output fidelity by roughly 12.7%.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10209261/Fidelitygraph neural networks (GNNs)quantum compilationqubit allocation |
| spellingShingle | Travis LeCompte Fang Qi Xu Yuan Nian-Feng Tzeng M. Hassan Najafi Lu Peng Machine-Learning-Based Qubit Allocation for Error Reduction in Quantum Circuits IEEE Transactions on Quantum Engineering Fidelity graph neural networks (GNNs) quantum compilation qubit allocation |
| title | Machine-Learning-Based Qubit Allocation for Error Reduction in Quantum Circuits |
| title_full | Machine-Learning-Based Qubit Allocation for Error Reduction in Quantum Circuits |
| title_fullStr | Machine-Learning-Based Qubit Allocation for Error Reduction in Quantum Circuits |
| title_full_unstemmed | Machine-Learning-Based Qubit Allocation for Error Reduction in Quantum Circuits |
| title_short | Machine-Learning-Based Qubit Allocation for Error Reduction in Quantum Circuits |
| title_sort | machine learning based qubit allocation for error reduction in quantum circuits |
| topic | Fidelity graph neural networks (GNNs) quantum compilation qubit allocation |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10209261/ |
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