Effects of pH and Nutrients (Nitrogen) on Growth and Toxin Profile of the Ciguatera-Causing Dinoflagellate <i>Gambierdiscus polynesiensis</i> (Dinophyceae)
Ciguatera poisoning is a foodborne disease caused by the consumption of seafood contaminated with ciguatoxins (CTXs) produced by dinoflagellates in the genera <i>Gambierdiscus</i> and <i>Fukuyoa</i>. Ciguatera outbreaks are expected to increase worldwide with global change, i...
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MDPI AG
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/12/12/767 |
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| author | Sébastien Longo Manoëlla Sibat Hélène Taiana Darius Philipp Hess Mireille Chinain |
| author_facet | Sébastien Longo Manoëlla Sibat Hélène Taiana Darius Philipp Hess Mireille Chinain |
| author_sort | Sébastien Longo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ciguatera poisoning is a foodborne disease caused by the consumption of seafood contaminated with ciguatoxins (CTXs) produced by dinoflagellates in the genera <i>Gambierdiscus</i> and <i>Fukuyoa</i>. Ciguatera outbreaks are expected to increase worldwide with global change, in particular as a function of its main drivers, including changes in sea surface temperature, acidification, and coastal eutrophication. In French Polynesia, <i>G. polynesiensis</i> is regarded as the dominant source of CTXs entering the food web. The effects of pH (8.4, 8.2, and 7.9), Nitrogen:Phosphorus ratios (24N:1P vs. 48N:1P), and nitrogen source (nitrates vs. urea) on growth rate, biomass, CTX levels, and profiles were examined in four clones of <i>G. polynesiensis</i> at different culture age (D10, D21, and D30). Results highlight a decrease in growth rate and cellular biomass at low pH when urea is used as a N source. No significant effect of pH, N:P ratio, and N source on the overall CTX content was observed. Up to ten distinct analogs of Pacific ciguatoxins (P-CTXs) could be detected by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in clone NHA4 grown in urea, at D21. Amounts of more oxidized P-CTX analogs also increased under the lowest pH condition. These data provide interesting leads for the custom production of CTX standards. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:20:52Z |
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| id | doaj.art-e7a5d9d265a84680a949cb0510027999 |
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| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:20:52Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-e7a5d9d265a84680a949cb05100279992023-11-20T23:27:19ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512020-12-01121276710.3390/toxins12120767Effects of pH and Nutrients (Nitrogen) on Growth and Toxin Profile of the Ciguatera-Causing Dinoflagellate <i>Gambierdiscus polynesiensis</i> (Dinophyceae)Sébastien Longo0Manoëlla Sibat1Hélène Taiana Darius2Philipp Hess3Mireille Chinain4Laboratory of Marine Biotoxins, Institut Louis Malardé-UMR241 EIO (IFREMER, ILM, IRD, UPF), 98713 Papeete, Tahiti, French PolynesiaPhycotoxins Laboratory, IFREMER, Rue de I’lle d’Yeu, 44311 Nantes, FranceLaboratory of Marine Biotoxins, Institut Louis Malardé-UMR241 EIO (IFREMER, ILM, IRD, UPF), 98713 Papeete, Tahiti, French PolynesiaPhycotoxins Laboratory, IFREMER, Rue de I’lle d’Yeu, 44311 Nantes, FranceLaboratory of Marine Biotoxins, Institut Louis Malardé-UMR241 EIO (IFREMER, ILM, IRD, UPF), 98713 Papeete, Tahiti, French PolynesiaCiguatera poisoning is a foodborne disease caused by the consumption of seafood contaminated with ciguatoxins (CTXs) produced by dinoflagellates in the genera <i>Gambierdiscus</i> and <i>Fukuyoa</i>. Ciguatera outbreaks are expected to increase worldwide with global change, in particular as a function of its main drivers, including changes in sea surface temperature, acidification, and coastal eutrophication. In French Polynesia, <i>G. polynesiensis</i> is regarded as the dominant source of CTXs entering the food web. The effects of pH (8.4, 8.2, and 7.9), Nitrogen:Phosphorus ratios (24N:1P vs. 48N:1P), and nitrogen source (nitrates vs. urea) on growth rate, biomass, CTX levels, and profiles were examined in four clones of <i>G. polynesiensis</i> at different culture age (D10, D21, and D30). Results highlight a decrease in growth rate and cellular biomass at low pH when urea is used as a N source. No significant effect of pH, N:P ratio, and N source on the overall CTX content was observed. Up to ten distinct analogs of Pacific ciguatoxins (P-CTXs) could be detected by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in clone NHA4 grown in urea, at D21. Amounts of more oxidized P-CTX analogs also increased under the lowest pH condition. These data provide interesting leads for the custom production of CTX standards.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/12/12/767<i>Gambierdiscus polynesiensis</i>French PolynesiaciguateraciguatoxinsLC-MS/MStoxin profile |
| spellingShingle | Sébastien Longo Manoëlla Sibat Hélène Taiana Darius Philipp Hess Mireille Chinain Effects of pH and Nutrients (Nitrogen) on Growth and Toxin Profile of the Ciguatera-Causing Dinoflagellate <i>Gambierdiscus polynesiensis</i> (Dinophyceae) Toxins <i>Gambierdiscus polynesiensis</i> French Polynesia ciguatera ciguatoxins LC-MS/MS toxin profile |
| title | Effects of pH and Nutrients (Nitrogen) on Growth and Toxin Profile of the Ciguatera-Causing Dinoflagellate <i>Gambierdiscus polynesiensis</i> (Dinophyceae) |
| title_full | Effects of pH and Nutrients (Nitrogen) on Growth and Toxin Profile of the Ciguatera-Causing Dinoflagellate <i>Gambierdiscus polynesiensis</i> (Dinophyceae) |
| title_fullStr | Effects of pH and Nutrients (Nitrogen) on Growth and Toxin Profile of the Ciguatera-Causing Dinoflagellate <i>Gambierdiscus polynesiensis</i> (Dinophyceae) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of pH and Nutrients (Nitrogen) on Growth and Toxin Profile of the Ciguatera-Causing Dinoflagellate <i>Gambierdiscus polynesiensis</i> (Dinophyceae) |
| title_short | Effects of pH and Nutrients (Nitrogen) on Growth and Toxin Profile of the Ciguatera-Causing Dinoflagellate <i>Gambierdiscus polynesiensis</i> (Dinophyceae) |
| title_sort | effects of ph and nutrients nitrogen on growth and toxin profile of the ciguatera causing dinoflagellate i gambierdiscus polynesiensis i dinophyceae |
| topic | <i>Gambierdiscus polynesiensis</i> French Polynesia ciguatera ciguatoxins LC-MS/MS toxin profile |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/12/12/767 |
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