Frost-heave characteristics of saturated lean clay fillers by orthogonal test design considering the static surcharge
With the increase in speed and axle load of heavy-haul trains in China, the frost heave of subgrades in seasonally frozen regions is increasingly becoming hazardous to operation. Nevertheless, the effect of the quasi-static surcharge of heavy-haul railways on the freezing characteristics of subgrade...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Case Studies in Construction Materials |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214509522006581 |
| _version_ | 1818027166048190464 |
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| author | Renqingcairang Xiaoqiang Liu Jiankun Liu Jianhong Fang |
| author_facet | Renqingcairang Xiaoqiang Liu Jiankun Liu Jianhong Fang |
| author_sort | Renqingcairang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | With the increase in speed and axle load of heavy-haul trains in China, the frost heave of subgrades in seasonally frozen regions is increasingly becoming hazardous to operation. Nevertheless, the effect of the quasi-static surcharge of heavy-haul railways on the freezing characteristics of subgrade fillers has not yet been completely understood. In this study, frost-heave L9(34) orthogonal tests were conducted in open and closed systems, considering the static surcharge, dry density, and step-cooling path, to investigate the freezing characteristics of the lean clay. The external water supply creates a shallow frozen depth and a terrific frost heave for high-frost-susceptibility lean clay. The analytic hierarchy process, combined with the L9(34) orthogonal test, can quantitatively calculate the impact weights of the test factors on the frost index. The impact weights of the step-cooling path on the frozen depth and frost heave ratio were both maxima in the two systems. The impact weight of the dry density increases with the water supply, accompanied by a decreasing impact of the static surcharge. The static surcharge, which increased with the axle load, did not play a crucial role in the three test factors. The optimal level of the static surcharge for the frost heave ratio is 60 kPa, and the optimal level of the step-cooling path varies with cold temperature owing to water supply. The impact weight and optimal-level combination results of the test factors show that practical and reasonable countermeasures should be adopted in the engineering field. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T04:43:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e7a639f2c2594ad0a32c856604882ea6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2214-5095 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T04:43:34Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Case Studies in Construction Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-e7a639f2c2594ad0a32c856604882ea62022-12-22T02:01:49ZengElsevierCase Studies in Construction Materials2214-50952022-12-0117e01526Frost-heave characteristics of saturated lean clay fillers by orthogonal test design considering the static surcharge Renqingcairang0Xiaoqiang Liu1Jiankun Liu2Jianhong Fang3Qinghai Jiaokong Construction Engineering Group Co., Ltd., Xining, Qinghai 810000, ChinaSchool of Civil and Engineering Management, Guangzhou Maritime University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510725 China; School of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 519082 China; Corresponding author at: School of Civil and Engineering Management, Guangzhou Maritime University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510725, China.School of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 519082 China; Corresponding author.Qinghai Research Institute of Transportation, Xining, Qinghai 810016, ChinaWith the increase in speed and axle load of heavy-haul trains in China, the frost heave of subgrades in seasonally frozen regions is increasingly becoming hazardous to operation. Nevertheless, the effect of the quasi-static surcharge of heavy-haul railways on the freezing characteristics of subgrade fillers has not yet been completely understood. In this study, frost-heave L9(34) orthogonal tests were conducted in open and closed systems, considering the static surcharge, dry density, and step-cooling path, to investigate the freezing characteristics of the lean clay. The external water supply creates a shallow frozen depth and a terrific frost heave for high-frost-susceptibility lean clay. The analytic hierarchy process, combined with the L9(34) orthogonal test, can quantitatively calculate the impact weights of the test factors on the frost index. The impact weights of the step-cooling path on the frozen depth and frost heave ratio were both maxima in the two systems. The impact weight of the dry density increases with the water supply, accompanied by a decreasing impact of the static surcharge. The static surcharge, which increased with the axle load, did not play a crucial role in the three test factors. The optimal level of the static surcharge for the frost heave ratio is 60 kPa, and the optimal level of the step-cooling path varies with cold temperature owing to water supply. The impact weight and optimal-level combination results of the test factors show that practical and reasonable countermeasures should be adopted in the engineering field.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214509522006581Lean clayStatic surchargeFrost heaveOrthogonal testAnalytic hierarchy process |
| spellingShingle | Renqingcairang Xiaoqiang Liu Jiankun Liu Jianhong Fang Frost-heave characteristics of saturated lean clay fillers by orthogonal test design considering the static surcharge Case Studies in Construction Materials Lean clay Static surcharge Frost heave Orthogonal test Analytic hierarchy process |
| title | Frost-heave characteristics of saturated lean clay fillers by orthogonal test design considering the static surcharge |
| title_full | Frost-heave characteristics of saturated lean clay fillers by orthogonal test design considering the static surcharge |
| title_fullStr | Frost-heave characteristics of saturated lean clay fillers by orthogonal test design considering the static surcharge |
| title_full_unstemmed | Frost-heave characteristics of saturated lean clay fillers by orthogonal test design considering the static surcharge |
| title_short | Frost-heave characteristics of saturated lean clay fillers by orthogonal test design considering the static surcharge |
| title_sort | frost heave characteristics of saturated lean clay fillers by orthogonal test design considering the static surcharge |
| topic | Lean clay Static surcharge Frost heave Orthogonal test Analytic hierarchy process |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214509522006581 |
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