The Pathogen <i>Aeromonas salmonicida achromogenes</i> Induces Fast Immune and Microbiota Modifications in Rainbow Trout
Environmental stressors can disrupt the relationship between the microbiota and the host and lead to the loss of its functions. Among them, bacterial infection caused by <i>Aeromonas salmonicida</i>, the causative agent of furunculosis, results in high mortality in salmonid aquaculture....
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/2/539 |
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| author | Baptiste Redivo Nicolas Derôme Patrick Kestemont Valérie Cornet |
| author_facet | Baptiste Redivo Nicolas Derôme Patrick Kestemont Valérie Cornet |
| author_sort | Baptiste Redivo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Environmental stressors can disrupt the relationship between the microbiota and the host and lead to the loss of its functions. Among them, bacterial infection caused by <i>Aeromonas salmonicida</i>, the causative agent of furunculosis, results in high mortality in salmonid aquaculture. Here, rainbow trout were exposed to <i>A. salmonicida achromogenes</i> and its effects on the taxonomic composition and structure of the microbiota was assessed on different epithelia (gills, skin, and caudal fin) at 6 and 72 h post-infection (hpi) using the V1–V3 region of the 16S rRNA sequencing. Moreover, the infection by the pathogen and immune gene responses were evaluated in the head kidney by qPCR. Our results suggested that α-diversity was highly diverse but predominated by a few taxa while β-diversity was affected very early by infection in the gills after 6 h, subsequently affecting the microbiota of the skin and caudal fin. A dysbiosis of the microbiota and an increase in genera known to be opportunistic pathogens (<i>Aeromonas</i>, <i>Pseudomonas</i>) were also identified. Furthermore, an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines and virulence protein array (<i>vapa</i>) was observed in trout head kidney as soon as 6 hpi and remained elevated until 72 hpi, while the anti-inflammatory genes seemed repressed. This study suggests that the infection by <i>A. salmonicida achromogenes</i> can alter fish microbiota of gills in the few hours post-infection. This result can be useful to develop a non-invasive technique to prevent disease outbreak in aquaculture. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:23:38Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:23:38Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-e7a9bd7a3ad747988fc8d26e64bd6f142023-11-16T22:17:17ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072023-02-0111253910.3390/microorganisms11020539The Pathogen <i>Aeromonas salmonicida achromogenes</i> Induces Fast Immune and Microbiota Modifications in Rainbow TroutBaptiste Redivo0Nicolas Derôme1Patrick Kestemont2Valérie Cornet3Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth & Environment (ILEE), University of Namur, 5000 Namur, BelgiumDépartement de Biologie, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, CanadaResearch Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth & Environment (ILEE), University of Namur, 5000 Namur, BelgiumResearch Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth & Environment (ILEE), University of Namur, 5000 Namur, BelgiumEnvironmental stressors can disrupt the relationship between the microbiota and the host and lead to the loss of its functions. Among them, bacterial infection caused by <i>Aeromonas salmonicida</i>, the causative agent of furunculosis, results in high mortality in salmonid aquaculture. Here, rainbow trout were exposed to <i>A. salmonicida achromogenes</i> and its effects on the taxonomic composition and structure of the microbiota was assessed on different epithelia (gills, skin, and caudal fin) at 6 and 72 h post-infection (hpi) using the V1–V3 region of the 16S rRNA sequencing. Moreover, the infection by the pathogen and immune gene responses were evaluated in the head kidney by qPCR. Our results suggested that α-diversity was highly diverse but predominated by a few taxa while β-diversity was affected very early by infection in the gills after 6 h, subsequently affecting the microbiota of the skin and caudal fin. A dysbiosis of the microbiota and an increase in genera known to be opportunistic pathogens (<i>Aeromonas</i>, <i>Pseudomonas</i>) were also identified. Furthermore, an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines and virulence protein array (<i>vapa</i>) was observed in trout head kidney as soon as 6 hpi and remained elevated until 72 hpi, while the anti-inflammatory genes seemed repressed. This study suggests that the infection by <i>A. salmonicida achromogenes</i> can alter fish microbiota of gills in the few hours post-infection. This result can be useful to develop a non-invasive technique to prevent disease outbreak in aquaculture.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/2/539core microbiota dysbiosisbacterial challengeaquaculturefish health |
| spellingShingle | Baptiste Redivo Nicolas Derôme Patrick Kestemont Valérie Cornet The Pathogen <i>Aeromonas salmonicida achromogenes</i> Induces Fast Immune and Microbiota Modifications in Rainbow Trout Microorganisms core microbiota dysbiosis bacterial challenge aquaculture fish health |
| title | The Pathogen <i>Aeromonas salmonicida achromogenes</i> Induces Fast Immune and Microbiota Modifications in Rainbow Trout |
| title_full | The Pathogen <i>Aeromonas salmonicida achromogenes</i> Induces Fast Immune and Microbiota Modifications in Rainbow Trout |
| title_fullStr | The Pathogen <i>Aeromonas salmonicida achromogenes</i> Induces Fast Immune and Microbiota Modifications in Rainbow Trout |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Pathogen <i>Aeromonas salmonicida achromogenes</i> Induces Fast Immune and Microbiota Modifications in Rainbow Trout |
| title_short | The Pathogen <i>Aeromonas salmonicida achromogenes</i> Induces Fast Immune and Microbiota Modifications in Rainbow Trout |
| title_sort | pathogen i aeromonas salmonicida achromogenes i induces fast immune and microbiota modifications in rainbow trout |
| topic | core microbiota dysbiosis bacterial challenge aquaculture fish health |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/2/539 |
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