The human brain in a high altitude natural environment: A review
With the advancement of in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique, more detailed information about the human brain at high altitude (HA) has been revealed. The present review aimed to draw a conclusion regarding changes in the human brain in both unacclimatized and acclimatized states in a...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Human Neuroscience |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2022.915995/full |
| _version_ | 1798000971540856832 |
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| author | Xinjuan Zhang Xinjuan Zhang Jiaxing Zhang Jiaxing Zhang |
| author_facet | Xinjuan Zhang Xinjuan Zhang Jiaxing Zhang Jiaxing Zhang |
| author_sort | Xinjuan Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | With the advancement of in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique, more detailed information about the human brain at high altitude (HA) has been revealed. The present review aimed to draw a conclusion regarding changes in the human brain in both unacclimatized and acclimatized states in a natural HA environment. Using multiple advanced analysis methods that based on MRI as well as electroencephalography, the modulations of brain gray and white matter morphology and the electrophysiological mechanisms underlying processing of cognitive activity have been explored in certain extent. The visual, motor and insular cortices are brain regions seen to be consistently affected in both HA immigrants and natives. Current findings regarding cortical electrophysiological and blood dynamic signals may be related to cardiovascular and respiratory regulations, and may clarify the mechanisms underlying some behaviors at HA. In general, in the past 10 years, researches on the brain at HA have gone beyond cognitive tests. Due to the sample size is not large enough, the current findings in HA brain are not very reliable, and thus much more researches are needed. Moreover, the histological and genetic bases of brain structures at HA are also needed to be elucidated. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T11:28:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e7aa1a844af84ba2ba6baa5b03cd78c3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1662-5161 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T11:28:40Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Human Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-e7aa1a844af84ba2ba6baa5b03cd78c32022-12-22T04:26:12ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Human Neuroscience1662-51612022-09-011610.3389/fnhum.2022.915995915995The human brain in a high altitude natural environment: A reviewXinjuan Zhang0Xinjuan Zhang1Jiaxing Zhang2Jiaxing Zhang3Institute of Brain Diseases and Cognition, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, ChinaDepartment of Physiology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, ChinaInstitute of Brain Diseases and Cognition, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, ChinaDepartment of Physiology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, ChinaWith the advancement of in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique, more detailed information about the human brain at high altitude (HA) has been revealed. The present review aimed to draw a conclusion regarding changes in the human brain in both unacclimatized and acclimatized states in a natural HA environment. Using multiple advanced analysis methods that based on MRI as well as electroencephalography, the modulations of brain gray and white matter morphology and the electrophysiological mechanisms underlying processing of cognitive activity have been explored in certain extent. The visual, motor and insular cortices are brain regions seen to be consistently affected in both HA immigrants and natives. Current findings regarding cortical electrophysiological and blood dynamic signals may be related to cardiovascular and respiratory regulations, and may clarify the mechanisms underlying some behaviors at HA. In general, in the past 10 years, researches on the brain at HA have gone beyond cognitive tests. Due to the sample size is not large enough, the current findings in HA brain are not very reliable, and thus much more researches are needed. Moreover, the histological and genetic bases of brain structures at HA are also needed to be elucidated.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2022.915995/fullbrainhigh altitudehypoxiavisual cortexmotor cortexinsular cortex |
| spellingShingle | Xinjuan Zhang Xinjuan Zhang Jiaxing Zhang Jiaxing Zhang The human brain in a high altitude natural environment: A review Frontiers in Human Neuroscience brain high altitude hypoxia visual cortex motor cortex insular cortex |
| title | The human brain in a high altitude natural environment: A review |
| title_full | The human brain in a high altitude natural environment: A review |
| title_fullStr | The human brain in a high altitude natural environment: A review |
| title_full_unstemmed | The human brain in a high altitude natural environment: A review |
| title_short | The human brain in a high altitude natural environment: A review |
| title_sort | human brain in a high altitude natural environment a review |
| topic | brain high altitude hypoxia visual cortex motor cortex insular cortex |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2022.915995/full |
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