Low Molecular Weight Bio-Polyamide 11 Composites Reinforced with Flax and Intraply Flax/Basalt Hybrid Fabrics for Eco-Friendlier Transportation Components
The transportation sector is striving to meet the more severe European legislation which encourages all industrial fields to embrace more eco-friendly policies by exploiting constituents from renewable resources. In this framework, the present work assessed the potential of a bio-based, low molecula...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/22/5053 |
| _version_ | 1797464124936945664 |
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| author | Claudia Sergi Libera Vitiello Patrick Dang Pietro Russo Jacopo Tirillò Fabrizio Sarasini |
| author_facet | Claudia Sergi Libera Vitiello Patrick Dang Pietro Russo Jacopo Tirillò Fabrizio Sarasini |
| author_sort | Claudia Sergi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The transportation sector is striving to meet the more severe European legislation which encourages all industrial fields to embrace more eco-friendly policies by exploiting constituents from renewable resources. In this framework, the present work assessed the potential of a bio-based, low molecular weight PA11 matrix reinforced with flax and intraply flax/basalt hybrid fabrics. To this aim, both quasi-static and impact performance were addressed through three-point bending and low-velocity impact tests, respectively. For hybrid composites, the effect of stacking sequence, i.e., [0/0] and [0/90], and fiber orientation were considered, while the effect of temperature, i.e., −40 °C, room temperature and +45 °C, was investigated for laminates’ impact response. The mechanical experimental campaign was supported by thermal and morphological analyses. The results disclosed an improved processability of the low molecular weight PA11, which ensured a manufacturing temperature of 200 °C, which is fundamental to minimize flax fibers’ thermal degradation. Both quasi-static and impact properties demonstrated that hybridization is a good solution for obtaining good mechanical properties while preserving laminates’ lightness and biodegradability. The [0/90] configuration proved to be the best solution, providing satisfying flexural performance, with an increase between 62% and 83% in stiffness and between 19.6% and 37.6% in strength compared to flax-based laminates, and the best impact performance, with a reduction in permanent indentation and back crack extent. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:03:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e7aea1cec9db40efbb0a3347233724f7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:03:28Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-e7aea1cec9db40efbb0a3347233724f72023-11-24T09:45:22ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602022-11-011422505310.3390/polym14225053Low Molecular Weight Bio-Polyamide 11 Composites Reinforced with Flax and Intraply Flax/Basalt Hybrid Fabrics for Eco-Friendlier Transportation ComponentsClaudia Sergi0Libera Vitiello1Patrick Dang2Pietro Russo3Jacopo Tirillò4Fabrizio Sarasini5Department of Chemical Engineering Materials Environment, Sapienza Università di Roma and UdR INSTM, 00184 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, ItalyArkema High Performance Polymers, Research & Development, Cerdato, 27470 Serquigny, FranceInstitute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials—National Council of Research, 80078 Pozzuoli, ItalyDepartment of Chemical Engineering Materials Environment, Sapienza Università di Roma and UdR INSTM, 00184 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Chemical Engineering Materials Environment, Sapienza Università di Roma and UdR INSTM, 00184 Rome, ItalyThe transportation sector is striving to meet the more severe European legislation which encourages all industrial fields to embrace more eco-friendly policies by exploiting constituents from renewable resources. In this framework, the present work assessed the potential of a bio-based, low molecular weight PA11 matrix reinforced with flax and intraply flax/basalt hybrid fabrics. To this aim, both quasi-static and impact performance were addressed through three-point bending and low-velocity impact tests, respectively. For hybrid composites, the effect of stacking sequence, i.e., [0/0] and [0/90], and fiber orientation were considered, while the effect of temperature, i.e., −40 °C, room temperature and +45 °C, was investigated for laminates’ impact response. The mechanical experimental campaign was supported by thermal and morphological analyses. The results disclosed an improved processability of the low molecular weight PA11, which ensured a manufacturing temperature of 200 °C, which is fundamental to minimize flax fibers’ thermal degradation. Both quasi-static and impact properties demonstrated that hybridization is a good solution for obtaining good mechanical properties while preserving laminates’ lightness and biodegradability. The [0/90] configuration proved to be the best solution, providing satisfying flexural performance, with an increase between 62% and 83% in stiffness and between 19.6% and 37.6% in strength compared to flax-based laminates, and the best impact performance, with a reduction in permanent indentation and back crack extent.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/22/5053polyamide 11basaltflaxhybrid compositeslow-velocity impacttemperature |
| spellingShingle | Claudia Sergi Libera Vitiello Patrick Dang Pietro Russo Jacopo Tirillò Fabrizio Sarasini Low Molecular Weight Bio-Polyamide 11 Composites Reinforced with Flax and Intraply Flax/Basalt Hybrid Fabrics for Eco-Friendlier Transportation Components Polymers polyamide 11 basalt flax hybrid composites low-velocity impact temperature |
| title | Low Molecular Weight Bio-Polyamide 11 Composites Reinforced with Flax and Intraply Flax/Basalt Hybrid Fabrics for Eco-Friendlier Transportation Components |
| title_full | Low Molecular Weight Bio-Polyamide 11 Composites Reinforced with Flax and Intraply Flax/Basalt Hybrid Fabrics for Eco-Friendlier Transportation Components |
| title_fullStr | Low Molecular Weight Bio-Polyamide 11 Composites Reinforced with Flax and Intraply Flax/Basalt Hybrid Fabrics for Eco-Friendlier Transportation Components |
| title_full_unstemmed | Low Molecular Weight Bio-Polyamide 11 Composites Reinforced with Flax and Intraply Flax/Basalt Hybrid Fabrics for Eco-Friendlier Transportation Components |
| title_short | Low Molecular Weight Bio-Polyamide 11 Composites Reinforced with Flax and Intraply Flax/Basalt Hybrid Fabrics for Eco-Friendlier Transportation Components |
| title_sort | low molecular weight bio polyamide 11 composites reinforced with flax and intraply flax basalt hybrid fabrics for eco friendlier transportation components |
| topic | polyamide 11 basalt flax hybrid composites low-velocity impact temperature |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/22/5053 |
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