Factors Associated with Uptake of Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid (VIA) for Cervical Cancer Screening in Western Kenya.
PURPOSE:Cervical cancer screening has been successful in reducing the rates of cervical cancer in developed countries, but this disease remains the leading cause of cancer deaths among women in sub-Saharan Africa. We sought to understand factors associated with limited uptake of screening services i...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2016-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4911084?pdf=render |
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| author | Elkanah Omenge Orang'o Juddy Wachira Fredrick Chite Asirwa Naftali Busakhala Violet Naanyu Job Kisuya Grieven Otieno Alfred Keter Ann Mwangi Thomas Inui |
| author_facet | Elkanah Omenge Orang'o Juddy Wachira Fredrick Chite Asirwa Naftali Busakhala Violet Naanyu Job Kisuya Grieven Otieno Alfred Keter Ann Mwangi Thomas Inui |
| author_sort | Elkanah Omenge Orang'o |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | PURPOSE:Cervical cancer screening has been successful in reducing the rates of cervical cancer in developed countries, but this disease remains the leading cause of cancer deaths among women in sub-Saharan Africa. We sought to understand factors associated with limited uptake of screening services in our cervical cancer-screening program in Western Kenya. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS:Using items from a previously validated cancer awareness questionnaire repurposed for use in cervical cancer and culturally adapted for use in Kenya, we interviewed 2,505 women aged 18-55 years receiving care in gynecology clinics or seeking other services in 4 health facilities in Western Kenya between April 2014 and September 2014. We used logistic regression modeling to assess factors associated with uptake (or non-uptake), associated odds ratios (ORs) and the 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). RESULTS:Only two hundred and seventy-three women out of 2505 (11%) accepted VIA cervical cancer screening. Knowledge of just how women are screened for cervical cancer was significantly associated with reduced uptake of cervical cancer screening (OR: 0.53; CI 0.38-0.73) as was fear that screening would reveal a cancer (OR 0.70; CI 0.63-0.77), and reliance on prayer with the onset of illness (OR 0.43; CI 0.26-0.71). Participants who thought that one should get cervical cancer screening even if there were no symptoms were more than twice as likely to accept cervical cancer screening (OR 2.21; 95% CI 1.24-3.93). Older patients, patients living with HIV and women who do not know if bleeding immediately after sex might be a sign of cervical cancer were also more likely to accept screening (OR 1.03, CI 1.02-1.04; OR 1.78, CI 1.01-3.14; OR 2.39, CI 1.31-4.39, respectively). CONCLUSIONS:In our population, a high percent of women knew that it is appropriate for all women to get cervical cancer screening, but only a small proportion of women actually got screening. There may be an opportunity to design educational materials for this population that will not only encourage participation in cervical cancer screening but also remediate misconceptions. The discussion illustrates how our findings could be used in such an effort. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T17:27:25Z |
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| id | doaj.art-e7b1b2fd51a84dbf8b0430dd940ee1d5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T17:27:25Z |
| publishDate | 2016-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
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| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj.art-e7b1b2fd51a84dbf8b0430dd940ee1d52022-12-22T00:17:30ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032016-01-01116e015721710.1371/journal.pone.0157217Factors Associated with Uptake of Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid (VIA) for Cervical Cancer Screening in Western Kenya.Elkanah Omenge Orang'oJuddy WachiraFredrick Chite AsirwaNaftali BusakhalaViolet NaanyuJob KisuyaGrieven OtienoAlfred KeterAnn MwangiThomas InuiPURPOSE:Cervical cancer screening has been successful in reducing the rates of cervical cancer in developed countries, but this disease remains the leading cause of cancer deaths among women in sub-Saharan Africa. We sought to understand factors associated with limited uptake of screening services in our cervical cancer-screening program in Western Kenya. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS:Using items from a previously validated cancer awareness questionnaire repurposed for use in cervical cancer and culturally adapted for use in Kenya, we interviewed 2,505 women aged 18-55 years receiving care in gynecology clinics or seeking other services in 4 health facilities in Western Kenya between April 2014 and September 2014. We used logistic regression modeling to assess factors associated with uptake (or non-uptake), associated odds ratios (ORs) and the 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). RESULTS:Only two hundred and seventy-three women out of 2505 (11%) accepted VIA cervical cancer screening. Knowledge of just how women are screened for cervical cancer was significantly associated with reduced uptake of cervical cancer screening (OR: 0.53; CI 0.38-0.73) as was fear that screening would reveal a cancer (OR 0.70; CI 0.63-0.77), and reliance on prayer with the onset of illness (OR 0.43; CI 0.26-0.71). Participants who thought that one should get cervical cancer screening even if there were no symptoms were more than twice as likely to accept cervical cancer screening (OR 2.21; 95% CI 1.24-3.93). Older patients, patients living with HIV and women who do not know if bleeding immediately after sex might be a sign of cervical cancer were also more likely to accept screening (OR 1.03, CI 1.02-1.04; OR 1.78, CI 1.01-3.14; OR 2.39, CI 1.31-4.39, respectively). CONCLUSIONS:In our population, a high percent of women knew that it is appropriate for all women to get cervical cancer screening, but only a small proportion of women actually got screening. There may be an opportunity to design educational materials for this population that will not only encourage participation in cervical cancer screening but also remediate misconceptions. The discussion illustrates how our findings could be used in such an effort.http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4911084?pdf=render |
| spellingShingle | Elkanah Omenge Orang'o Juddy Wachira Fredrick Chite Asirwa Naftali Busakhala Violet Naanyu Job Kisuya Grieven Otieno Alfred Keter Ann Mwangi Thomas Inui Factors Associated with Uptake of Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid (VIA) for Cervical Cancer Screening in Western Kenya. PLoS ONE |
| title | Factors Associated with Uptake of Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid (VIA) for Cervical Cancer Screening in Western Kenya. |
| title_full | Factors Associated with Uptake of Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid (VIA) for Cervical Cancer Screening in Western Kenya. |
| title_fullStr | Factors Associated with Uptake of Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid (VIA) for Cervical Cancer Screening in Western Kenya. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Factors Associated with Uptake of Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid (VIA) for Cervical Cancer Screening in Western Kenya. |
| title_short | Factors Associated with Uptake of Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid (VIA) for Cervical Cancer Screening in Western Kenya. |
| title_sort | factors associated with uptake of visual inspection with acetic acid via for cervical cancer screening in western kenya |
| url | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4911084?pdf=render |
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