Cardiorenal Syndrome: An Updated Classification Based on Clinical Hallmarks
Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is defined as progressive, combined cardiac and renal dysfunction. In this mini review, a historical note on CRS is presented, the pathomechanisms and clinical hallmarks of both chronic heart failure and chronic kidney disease are discussed, and an updated classification o...
Main Author: | Rainer U. Pliquett |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-05-01
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Series: | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/10/2896 |
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