| Summary: | Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most frequent form of primary hypogammaglobulinemia in adults. In addition to recurrent infections and respiratory manifestations, CVID patients may present several non-infection complications such as autoimmune diseases. The mechanisms that lead to immune dysregulation in CVID are not completely understood. Given the role of IgD on naïve B cells in the maintenance of tolerance and secreted IgD in the respiratory mucosa, we evaluated the frequency of IgD<sup>+</sup> naïve and IgD<sup>+</sup> memory B cells in CVID patients. Here, no differences were observed in the percentages and proliferative responses of anergic IgD<sup>+</sup>IgM<sup>−</sup>CD27<sup>−</sup> B cells between CVID patients, with or without autoimmune disease, and the control group. Interestingly, in the compartment of memory B cells, the percentage of IgD<sup>+</sup>IgM<sup>−</sup> cells was higher only in CVID patients with allergic rhinitis/allergic asthma. Our results may indicate that anergic IgD<sup>+</sup>IgM<sup>−</sup>CD27<sup>−</sup> B cells may not be compromised in our CVID cohort. However, IgD<sup>+</sup>IgM<sup>−</sup> memory B cells may play a role in the immunopathogenesis of allergic rhinitis/allergic asthma in CVID patients. Further studies are needed to better understand the participation of IgD<sup>+</sup>IgM<sup>−</sup> memory B cells in the immunopathogenesis of allergic rhinitis/allergic asthma in CVID patients.
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