Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Water Lentil (Duckweed): An Emerging Source of Proteins for the Production of Antihypertensive Fractions
Water lentil (Duckweed), an emerging protein source, is a small floating aquatic plant with agronomic and compositional characteristics rendering it a potential source of bioactive peptides. However, enzymatic hydrolysis of duckweeds has only been carried out to assess the antioxidant and antimicrob...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Foods |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/2/323 |
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| author | Marie-Ève Bernier Jacinthe Thibodeau Laurent Bazinet |
| author_facet | Marie-Ève Bernier Jacinthe Thibodeau Laurent Bazinet |
| author_sort | Marie-Ève Bernier |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Water lentil (Duckweed), an emerging protein source, is a small floating aquatic plant with agronomic and compositional characteristics rendering it a potential source of bioactive peptides. However, enzymatic hydrolysis of duckweeds has only been carried out to assess the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the hydrolysates. The main objectives of this study were to perform enzymatic hydrolysis of duckweed powder utilizing several enzymes and to evaluate the final antihypertensive activity of the fractions. Duckweed powder was efficiently hydrolyzed by pepsin, chymotrypsin, papain and trypsin, with degree of hydrolysis ranging from 3% to 9%, even without prior extraction and concentration of proteins. A total of 485 peptide sequences were identified in the hydrolysates and only 51 were common to two or three hydrolysates. It appeared that phenolic compounds were released through enzymatic hydrolyses and primarily found in the supernatants after centrifugation at concentrations up to 11 mg gallic acid/g sample. The chymotryptic final hydrolysate, the chymotryptic supernatant and the papain supernatant increased the ACE inhibitory activity by more than 6- to 8-folds, resulting in IC<sub>50</sub> values ranging between 0.55 to 0.70 mg peptides/mL. Depending on the fraction, the ACE-inhibition was attributed to either bioactive peptides, phenolic compounds or a synergistic effect of both. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first study to investigate the enzymatic hydrolysis of duckweed proteins to produce bioactive peptides with therapeutic applications in mind. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T09:55:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e7cfab887f104d86b8ae81f47058f472 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T09:55:21Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj.art-e7cfab887f104d86b8ae81f47058f4722024-01-29T13:52:43ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582024-01-0113232310.3390/foods13020323Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Water Lentil (Duckweed): An Emerging Source of Proteins for the Production of Antihypertensive FractionsMarie-Ève Bernier0Jacinthe Thibodeau1Laurent Bazinet2Department of Food Sciences, Laboratoire de Transformation Alimentaire et Procédés ÉlectroMembranaires (LTAPEM, Laboratory of Food Processing and ElectroMembrane Processes), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, CanadaDepartment of Food Sciences, Laboratoire de Transformation Alimentaire et Procédés ÉlectroMembranaires (LTAPEM, Laboratory of Food Processing and ElectroMembrane Processes), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, CanadaDepartment of Food Sciences, Laboratoire de Transformation Alimentaire et Procédés ÉlectroMembranaires (LTAPEM, Laboratory of Food Processing and ElectroMembrane Processes), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, CanadaWater lentil (Duckweed), an emerging protein source, is a small floating aquatic plant with agronomic and compositional characteristics rendering it a potential source of bioactive peptides. However, enzymatic hydrolysis of duckweeds has only been carried out to assess the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the hydrolysates. The main objectives of this study were to perform enzymatic hydrolysis of duckweed powder utilizing several enzymes and to evaluate the final antihypertensive activity of the fractions. Duckweed powder was efficiently hydrolyzed by pepsin, chymotrypsin, papain and trypsin, with degree of hydrolysis ranging from 3% to 9%, even without prior extraction and concentration of proteins. A total of 485 peptide sequences were identified in the hydrolysates and only 51 were common to two or three hydrolysates. It appeared that phenolic compounds were released through enzymatic hydrolyses and primarily found in the supernatants after centrifugation at concentrations up to 11 mg gallic acid/g sample. The chymotryptic final hydrolysate, the chymotryptic supernatant and the papain supernatant increased the ACE inhibitory activity by more than 6- to 8-folds, resulting in IC<sub>50</sub> values ranging between 0.55 to 0.70 mg peptides/mL. Depending on the fraction, the ACE-inhibition was attributed to either bioactive peptides, phenolic compounds or a synergistic effect of both. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first study to investigate the enzymatic hydrolysis of duckweed proteins to produce bioactive peptides with therapeutic applications in mind.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/2/323duckweedenzymatic hydrolysistotal phenolic contentACE-inhibitorbioactive peptide |
| spellingShingle | Marie-Ève Bernier Jacinthe Thibodeau Laurent Bazinet Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Water Lentil (Duckweed): An Emerging Source of Proteins for the Production of Antihypertensive Fractions Foods duckweed enzymatic hydrolysis total phenolic content ACE-inhibitor bioactive peptide |
| title | Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Water Lentil (Duckweed): An Emerging Source of Proteins for the Production of Antihypertensive Fractions |
| title_full | Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Water Lentil (Duckweed): An Emerging Source of Proteins for the Production of Antihypertensive Fractions |
| title_fullStr | Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Water Lentil (Duckweed): An Emerging Source of Proteins for the Production of Antihypertensive Fractions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Water Lentil (Duckweed): An Emerging Source of Proteins for the Production of Antihypertensive Fractions |
| title_short | Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Water Lentil (Duckweed): An Emerging Source of Proteins for the Production of Antihypertensive Fractions |
| title_sort | enzymatic hydrolysis of water lentil duckweed an emerging source of proteins for the production of antihypertensive fractions |
| topic | duckweed enzymatic hydrolysis total phenolic content ACE-inhibitor bioactive peptide |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/2/323 |
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