Intradermal Allergen Immunotherapy for Allergic Rhinitis: Current Evidence
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated inflammatory disease that is induced by allergen introduction to the nasal mucosa, which triggers an inflammatory response. The current treatments for AR include allergen avoidance and pharmacotherapy; however, allergen-specific immunother...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-08-01
|
| Series: | Journal of Personalized Medicine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/12/8/1341 |
| _version_ | 1797409431051304960 |
|---|---|
| author | Kawita Atipas Dichapong Kanjanawasee Pongsakorn Tantilipikorn |
| author_facet | Kawita Atipas Dichapong Kanjanawasee Pongsakorn Tantilipikorn |
| author_sort | Kawita Atipas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated inflammatory disease that is induced by allergen introduction to the nasal mucosa, which triggers an inflammatory response. The current treatments for AR include allergen avoidance and pharmacotherapy; however, allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is the only treatment that can be employed to modify immunologic responses and to achieve a cure for allergic diseases. The current standard routes of AIT administration are the subcutaneous and sublingual routes. Alternatively, the dermis contains a high density of dermal dendritic cells that act as antigen-presenting cells, so intradermal administration may confer added advantages and increase the efficacy of AIT. Moreover, intradermal immunotherapy (IDIT) may facilitate a reduction in the allergen dosage and a shortening of the treatment duration. The aim of this review was to search and evaluate the current evidence specific to IDIT, including its modified formulations, such as allergoids and peptides. The results of this review reveal conflicting evidence that suggests that the overall benefit of IDIT remains unclear. As such, further clinical trials are needed to establish the clinical utility of IDIT, and to determine the optimal treatment-related protocols. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:14:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e7df8a4522404232852cca60f1951370 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4426 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:14:31Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Personalized Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-e7df8a4522404232852cca60f19513702023-12-03T13:56:32ZengMDPI AGJournal of Personalized Medicine2075-44262022-08-01128134110.3390/jpm12081341Intradermal Allergen Immunotherapy for Allergic Rhinitis: Current EvidenceKawita Atipas0Dichapong Kanjanawasee1Pongsakorn Tantilipikorn2Division of Rhinology and Allergy, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, ThailandCenter of Research Excellence in Allergy & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, ThailandDivision of Rhinology and Allergy, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, ThailandAllergic rhinitis (AR) is an immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated inflammatory disease that is induced by allergen introduction to the nasal mucosa, which triggers an inflammatory response. The current treatments for AR include allergen avoidance and pharmacotherapy; however, allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is the only treatment that can be employed to modify immunologic responses and to achieve a cure for allergic diseases. The current standard routes of AIT administration are the subcutaneous and sublingual routes. Alternatively, the dermis contains a high density of dermal dendritic cells that act as antigen-presenting cells, so intradermal administration may confer added advantages and increase the efficacy of AIT. Moreover, intradermal immunotherapy (IDIT) may facilitate a reduction in the allergen dosage and a shortening of the treatment duration. The aim of this review was to search and evaluate the current evidence specific to IDIT, including its modified formulations, such as allergoids and peptides. The results of this review reveal conflicting evidence that suggests that the overall benefit of IDIT remains unclear. As such, further clinical trials are needed to establish the clinical utility of IDIT, and to determine the optimal treatment-related protocols.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/12/8/1341allergic rhinitisallergen immunotherapyintradermalintradermal immunotherapyalternatives |
| spellingShingle | Kawita Atipas Dichapong Kanjanawasee Pongsakorn Tantilipikorn Intradermal Allergen Immunotherapy for Allergic Rhinitis: Current Evidence Journal of Personalized Medicine allergic rhinitis allergen immunotherapy intradermal intradermal immunotherapy alternatives |
| title | Intradermal Allergen Immunotherapy for Allergic Rhinitis: Current Evidence |
| title_full | Intradermal Allergen Immunotherapy for Allergic Rhinitis: Current Evidence |
| title_fullStr | Intradermal Allergen Immunotherapy for Allergic Rhinitis: Current Evidence |
| title_full_unstemmed | Intradermal Allergen Immunotherapy for Allergic Rhinitis: Current Evidence |
| title_short | Intradermal Allergen Immunotherapy for Allergic Rhinitis: Current Evidence |
| title_sort | intradermal allergen immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis current evidence |
| topic | allergic rhinitis allergen immunotherapy intradermal intradermal immunotherapy alternatives |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/12/8/1341 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kawitaatipas intradermalallergenimmunotherapyforallergicrhinitiscurrentevidence AT dichapongkanjanawasee intradermalallergenimmunotherapyforallergicrhinitiscurrentevidence AT pongsakorntantilipikorn intradermalallergenimmunotherapyforallergicrhinitiscurrentevidence |