Trypanosomes infection, endosymbionts, and host preferences in tsetse flies (Glossina spp.) collected from Akagera park region, Rwanda: A correlational xenomonitoring study
Akagera National Park and its surroundings are home to tsetse flies and a number of their mammalian hosts in Rwanda. A One-health approach is being used in the control and surveillance of both animal and human trypanosomosis in Rwanda. Determination of the infection level in tsetse flies, species of...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-06-01
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| Series: | One Health |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352771423000708 |
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| author | Richard S. Gashururu Ndichu Maingi Samuel M. Githigia Dennis O. Getange Jean B. Ntivuguruzwa Richard Habimana Giuliano Cecchi James Gashumba Joel L. Bargul Daniel K. Masiga |
| author_facet | Richard S. Gashururu Ndichu Maingi Samuel M. Githigia Dennis O. Getange Jean B. Ntivuguruzwa Richard Habimana Giuliano Cecchi James Gashumba Joel L. Bargul Daniel K. Masiga |
| author_sort | Richard S. Gashururu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Akagera National Park and its surroundings are home to tsetse flies and a number of their mammalian hosts in Rwanda. A One-health approach is being used in the control and surveillance of both animal and human trypanosomosis in Rwanda. Determination of the infection level in tsetse flies, species of trypanosomes circulating in vectors, the source of tsetse blood meal and endosymbionts is crucial in understanding the epidemiology of the disease in animals and humans in the region.Tsetse flies (n = 1101), comprising Glossina pallidipes (n = 771) and Glossina morsitans centralis (n = 330) were collected from Akagera park and surrounding areas between May 2018 and June 2019. The flies were screened for trypanosomes, vertebrate host DNA to identify sources of blood meal, and endosymbionts by PCR - High Resolution Melting analysis and amplicon sequencing. The feeding frequency and the feeding indices (selection index - W) were calculated to identify the preferred hosts. An overall trypanosome infection rate of 13.9% in the fly's Head and Proboscis (HP) and 24.3% in the Thorax and Abdomen (TA) were found. Eight trypanosome species were identified in the tsetse fly HP and TA, namely: Trypanosoma (T.) brucei brucei, T. congolense Kilifi, T. congolense savannah, T. vivax, T. simiae, T. evansi, T. godfreyi, T. grayi and T. theileri. We found no evidence of human-infective T. brucei rhodesiense. We also identified eighteen species of vertebrate hosts that tsetse flies fed on, and the most frequent one was the buffalo (Syncerus caffer) (36.5%). The frequently detected host by selection index was the rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) (W = 16.2). Most trypanosome infections in tsetse flies were associated with the buffalo blood meal. The prevalence of tsetse endosymbionts Sodalis and Wolbachia was 2.8% and 4.8%, respectively. No Spiroplasma and Salivary Gland Hypertrophy Virus were detected. These findings implicate the buffaloes as the important reservoirs of tsetse-transmitted trypanosomes in the area. This contributes to predicting the main cryptic reservoirs and therefore guiding the effective control of the disease. The study findings provide the key scientific information that supports the current One Health collaboration in the control and surveillance of tsetse-transmitted trypanosomosis in Rwanda. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T05:58:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e7e6c351137644c098357ba697c30db7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2352-7714 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T05:58:28Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | One Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-e7e6c351137644c098357ba697c30db72023-06-13T04:12:29ZengElsevierOne Health2352-77142023-06-0116100550Trypanosomes infection, endosymbionts, and host preferences in tsetse flies (Glossina spp.) collected from Akagera park region, Rwanda: A correlational xenomonitoring studyRichard S. Gashururu0Ndichu Maingi1Samuel M. Githigia2Dennis O. Getange3Jean B. Ntivuguruzwa4Richard Habimana5Giuliano Cecchi6James Gashumba7Joel L. Bargul8Daniel K. Masiga9International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Rwanda, P.O. Box 57, Nyagatare, Rwanda; Corresponding author at: School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Rwanda, P.O. Box 57, Nyagatare, Rwanda.Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053, Nairobi, KenyaFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053, Nairobi, KenyaInternational Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, KenyaSchool of Veterinary Medicine, University of Rwanda, P.O. Box 57, Nyagatare, RwandaFood and Drugs Assessment and Registration Department, Rwanda Food and Drugs Authority (FDA), P.O Box 1948, Kigali, RwandaFood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Animal Production and Health Division, Rome, ItalyRwanda Polytechnic, P.O. Box 164, Kigali, RwandaInternational Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Biochemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, KenyaInternational Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, KenyaAkagera National Park and its surroundings are home to tsetse flies and a number of their mammalian hosts in Rwanda. A One-health approach is being used in the control and surveillance of both animal and human trypanosomosis in Rwanda. Determination of the infection level in tsetse flies, species of trypanosomes circulating in vectors, the source of tsetse blood meal and endosymbionts is crucial in understanding the epidemiology of the disease in animals and humans in the region.Tsetse flies (n = 1101), comprising Glossina pallidipes (n = 771) and Glossina morsitans centralis (n = 330) were collected from Akagera park and surrounding areas between May 2018 and June 2019. The flies were screened for trypanosomes, vertebrate host DNA to identify sources of blood meal, and endosymbionts by PCR - High Resolution Melting analysis and amplicon sequencing. The feeding frequency and the feeding indices (selection index - W) were calculated to identify the preferred hosts. An overall trypanosome infection rate of 13.9% in the fly's Head and Proboscis (HP) and 24.3% in the Thorax and Abdomen (TA) were found. Eight trypanosome species were identified in the tsetse fly HP and TA, namely: Trypanosoma (T.) brucei brucei, T. congolense Kilifi, T. congolense savannah, T. vivax, T. simiae, T. evansi, T. godfreyi, T. grayi and T. theileri. We found no evidence of human-infective T. brucei rhodesiense. We also identified eighteen species of vertebrate hosts that tsetse flies fed on, and the most frequent one was the buffalo (Syncerus caffer) (36.5%). The frequently detected host by selection index was the rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) (W = 16.2). Most trypanosome infections in tsetse flies were associated with the buffalo blood meal. The prevalence of tsetse endosymbionts Sodalis and Wolbachia was 2.8% and 4.8%, respectively. No Spiroplasma and Salivary Gland Hypertrophy Virus were detected. These findings implicate the buffaloes as the important reservoirs of tsetse-transmitted trypanosomes in the area. This contributes to predicting the main cryptic reservoirs and therefore guiding the effective control of the disease. The study findings provide the key scientific information that supports the current One Health collaboration in the control and surveillance of tsetse-transmitted trypanosomosis in Rwanda.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352771423000708One healthGlossinaTrypanosomesHost preferenceEndosymbiontsAkagera Park |
| spellingShingle | Richard S. Gashururu Ndichu Maingi Samuel M. Githigia Dennis O. Getange Jean B. Ntivuguruzwa Richard Habimana Giuliano Cecchi James Gashumba Joel L. Bargul Daniel K. Masiga Trypanosomes infection, endosymbionts, and host preferences in tsetse flies (Glossina spp.) collected from Akagera park region, Rwanda: A correlational xenomonitoring study One Health One health Glossina Trypanosomes Host preference Endosymbionts Akagera Park |
| title | Trypanosomes infection, endosymbionts, and host preferences in tsetse flies (Glossina spp.) collected from Akagera park region, Rwanda: A correlational xenomonitoring study |
| title_full | Trypanosomes infection, endosymbionts, and host preferences in tsetse flies (Glossina spp.) collected from Akagera park region, Rwanda: A correlational xenomonitoring study |
| title_fullStr | Trypanosomes infection, endosymbionts, and host preferences in tsetse flies (Glossina spp.) collected from Akagera park region, Rwanda: A correlational xenomonitoring study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Trypanosomes infection, endosymbionts, and host preferences in tsetse flies (Glossina spp.) collected from Akagera park region, Rwanda: A correlational xenomonitoring study |
| title_short | Trypanosomes infection, endosymbionts, and host preferences in tsetse flies (Glossina spp.) collected from Akagera park region, Rwanda: A correlational xenomonitoring study |
| title_sort | trypanosomes infection endosymbionts and host preferences in tsetse flies glossina spp collected from akagera park region rwanda a correlational xenomonitoring study |
| topic | One health Glossina Trypanosomes Host preference Endosymbionts Akagera Park |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352771423000708 |
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