| Summary: | 为实现亮斑扁角水虻幼虫（Black soldier fly larvae，BSFL）虫脂能源化利用，采用石油醚提取BSFL虫脂，通过碱催化BSFL虫脂甲酯化制备生物柴油。在单因素试验的基础上，利用响应面试验设计优化BSFL虫脂合成生物柴油的工艺条件；使用气质联用仪分析生物柴油的脂肪酸组成，并评价生物柴油性能。结果表明：BSFL虫脂合成生物柴油的最优工艺条件为醇油体积比7.2∶ 1、反应时间2.0 h、KOH添加量为反应体系总质量的1.0%，在此条件下生物柴油产率达93.7%；生物柴油主要脂肪酸组分及含量为C12∶ 0 12.8%、C14∶ 0 3.8%、C16∶ 0 16.2%、C16∶ 1 1.9%、C18∶ 0 4.4%、C18∶ 1 24.2%、C18∶ 2 26.8%、C18∶ 3 4.1%；生物柴油运动黏度(40 ℃) 3.842 5 mm2/s、运动黏度(25 ℃) 5.311 mm2/s、 动力黏度(25 ℃) 4.640 mPa·s、密度(25 ℃) 874 kg/m3、密度(15 ℃) 879 kg/m3、酸值(KOH) 0.12 mg/g、硫含量26 mg/kg、开口闪点160 ℃、闭口闪点142 ℃、残炭小于0.10%。碱催化BSFL虫脂甲酯化制备生物柴油的C14~C18含量较高，性能较好。
In order to realize the energy utilization of insecticidal fat of black soldier fly larvae(BSFL), biodiesel was synthesized by alkali-catalyzed methyl esterification of insecticidal fat of BSFL extracted with petroleum ether, and on the basis of single factor experiment, the process conditions for the synthesis of biodiesel were optimized by response surface methodology. GC-MS was used to analyze the fatty acid composition of biodiesel. The performance of biodiesel was also evaluated. The results showed that the optimal conditions for the synthesis of biodiesel from insecticidal fat of BSFL were obtained as follows: volume ratio of alcohol to oil 7.2∶ 1, reaction time 2.0 h, dosage of KOH 1.0% of the total mass of the reaction system. Under these conditions, biodiesel yield reached 93.7%. The main fatty acid composition and content of biodiesel were C12∶ 0 12.8%, C14∶ 0 3.8%, C16∶ 0 16.2%, C16∶ 1 1.9%, C18∶ 0 4.4%, C18∶ 1 24.2%, C18∶ 2 26.8%, C18∶ 3 4.1%. The performance of biodiesel were kinematic viscosity (40 ℃) 3.842 5 mm2/s, kinematic viscosity (25 ℃) 5.311 mm2/s, dynamic viscosity (25 ℃) 4.640 mPa·s, density (25 ℃) 874 kg/m3, density (15 ℃) 879 kg/m3, acid value 0.12 mgKOH/g, sulfur content 26 mg/kg, open flash point 160 ℃, closed flash point 142 ℃, residual carbon less than 0.10%. The biodiesel synthesized from insecticidal fat of BSFL has a high content of C14-C18 and good performance.
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