EMA401: an old antagonist of the AT2R for a new indication in neuropathic pain
Jan M Keppel Hesselink,1 Michael E Schatman2 1Institute of Neuropathic Pain, Bosch en Duin, the Netherlands; 2Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA Abstract: EMA401 is an old molecule, synthesized by Parke-Davis in the last century a...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Dove Medical Press
2017-02-01
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| Series: | Journal of Pain Research |
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| Online Access: | https://www.dovepress.com/ema401-an-old-antagonist-of-the-at2r-for-a-new-indication-in-neuropath-peer-reviewed-article-JPR |
| _version_ | 1818517159073021952 |
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| author | Keppel Hesselink JM Schatman ME |
| author_facet | Keppel Hesselink JM Schatman ME |
| author_sort | Keppel Hesselink JM |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Jan M Keppel Hesselink,1 Michael E Schatman2 1Institute of Neuropathic Pain, Bosch en Duin, the Netherlands; 2Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA Abstract: EMA401 is an old molecule, synthesized by Parke-Davis in the last century and characterized at that time as an AT2R antagonist. Professor Maree Smith and her group from the University of Queensland (Australia) patented the drug and many related derivatives and other compounds with high affinity for the AT2R for the indication neuropathic pain in 2004, an example of drug repositioning. After some years of university work, the Australian biotech company Spinifex Pharmaceuticals took over further research and development and characterized the S-enantiomer, code name EMA401, and related compounds in a variety of animal models for neuropathic and cancer pain. EMA401 was selected as the lead compound, based on high selectivity for the AT2R and good oral bioavailability (33%). EMA401, however, was only administered once in a chronic neuropathic pain model, and no data have been published in other pain models, or during steady state, although such data were available for the racemate EMA400 and some related compounds (EMA200, EMA400). A pilot phase IIa study demonstrated the efficacy and safety of the drug taken twice daily as two capsules of 50 mg (400 mg/day). In 2015, Novartis took over the clinical development. Two phase IIb studies designed by Spinifex Pharmaceuticals were put on hold, probably because Novartis wanted to improve the clinical design or collect additional preclinical data. Further data are eagerly awaited, especially since EMA401 is first-in-class in neuropathic pain. Keywords: angiotensin II type 2 receptor, antagonist, neuropathic pain, EMA401, novel, development, drug repositioning |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T00:52:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e7f2952fe29e4f22bdb59f2d56820f91 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1178-7090 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T00:52:25Z |
| publishDate | 2017-02-01 |
| publisher | Dove Medical Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Pain Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-e7f2952fe29e4f22bdb59f2d56820f912022-12-22T01:26:35ZengDove Medical PressJournal of Pain Research1178-70902017-02-01Volume 1043944331414EMA401: an old antagonist of the AT2R for a new indication in neuropathic painKeppel Hesselink JMSchatman MEJan M Keppel Hesselink,1 Michael E Schatman2 1Institute of Neuropathic Pain, Bosch en Duin, the Netherlands; 2Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA Abstract: EMA401 is an old molecule, synthesized by Parke-Davis in the last century and characterized at that time as an AT2R antagonist. Professor Maree Smith and her group from the University of Queensland (Australia) patented the drug and many related derivatives and other compounds with high affinity for the AT2R for the indication neuropathic pain in 2004, an example of drug repositioning. After some years of university work, the Australian biotech company Spinifex Pharmaceuticals took over further research and development and characterized the S-enantiomer, code name EMA401, and related compounds in a variety of animal models for neuropathic and cancer pain. EMA401 was selected as the lead compound, based on high selectivity for the AT2R and good oral bioavailability (33%). EMA401, however, was only administered once in a chronic neuropathic pain model, and no data have been published in other pain models, or during steady state, although such data were available for the racemate EMA400 and some related compounds (EMA200, EMA400). A pilot phase IIa study demonstrated the efficacy and safety of the drug taken twice daily as two capsules of 50 mg (400 mg/day). In 2015, Novartis took over the clinical development. Two phase IIb studies designed by Spinifex Pharmaceuticals were put on hold, probably because Novartis wanted to improve the clinical design or collect additional preclinical data. Further data are eagerly awaited, especially since EMA401 is first-in-class in neuropathic pain. Keywords: angiotensin II type 2 receptor, antagonist, neuropathic pain, EMA401, novel, development, drug repositioning https://www.dovepress.com/ema401-an-old-antagonist-of-the-at2r-for-a-new-indication-in-neuropath-peer-reviewed-article-JPRangiotensine II type 2 receptorantagonistneuropathic painEMA401noveldevelopmentdrug repositioning |
| spellingShingle | Keppel Hesselink JM Schatman ME EMA401: an old antagonist of the AT2R for a new indication in neuropathic pain Journal of Pain Research angiotensine II type 2 receptor antagonist neuropathic pain EMA401 novel development drug repositioning |
| title | EMA401: an old antagonist of the AT2R for a new indication in neuropathic pain |
| title_full | EMA401: an old antagonist of the AT2R for a new indication in neuropathic pain |
| title_fullStr | EMA401: an old antagonist of the AT2R for a new indication in neuropathic pain |
| title_full_unstemmed | EMA401: an old antagonist of the AT2R for a new indication in neuropathic pain |
| title_short | EMA401: an old antagonist of the AT2R for a new indication in neuropathic pain |
| title_sort | ema401 an old antagonist of the at2r for a new indication in neuropathic pain |
| topic | angiotensine II type 2 receptor antagonist neuropathic pain EMA401 novel development drug repositioning |
| url | https://www.dovepress.com/ema401-an-old-antagonist-of-the-at2r-for-a-new-indication-in-neuropath-peer-reviewed-article-JPR |
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