Maternal inheritance of F1 hybrid morphology and colony shape in the coral genus Acropora
Background The coral genus Acropora contains more than 150 species with very high morphological diversity. This high diversity may have been caused by repeated hybridization via mass spawning. However, we have little information whether hybrids are formed in these corals. Identifying morphological d...
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PeerJ Inc.
2019-02-01
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| author | Hironobu Fukami Kenji Iwao Naoki H. Kumagai Masaya Morita Naoko Isomura |
| author_facet | Hironobu Fukami Kenji Iwao Naoki H. Kumagai Masaya Morita Naoko Isomura |
| author_sort | Hironobu Fukami |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background The coral genus Acropora contains more than 150 species with very high morphological diversity. This high diversity may have been caused by repeated hybridization via mass spawning. However, we have little information whether hybrids are formed in these corals. Identifying morphological differences between hybrids and their parental species would provide an opportunity to find wild hybrids in the field and to understand how colony shapes of Acropora have become highly diversified throughout evolutionary history. In the two morphologically distinctive coral species Acropora florida and A. intermedia in the Indo-Pacific, their gametes show high rates of bi-directional intercrossing in vitro, and thus these two species are ideal species to investigate the morphological traits of the hybrids. Methods We examined morphological characters of F1 hybrids from A. florida to A. intermedia, which were produced from in vitro crossing experiments. To compare morphological differences, we grew juveniles and mature colonies of reciprocal F1 hybrids (FLOint: A. florida eggs × A. intermedia sperm, and INTflo: A. intermedia eggs × A. florida sperm) and of the parental species (purebreds of A. intermedia and A. florida). We analyzed skeletal morphology such as colony size, branch length, and branching number, and compared them with those of a putative F1 hybrid between A. florida and A. intermedia found in the field. We also confirmed the molecular phylogenetic position of F1 hybrids, parental species, and a putative F1 hybrid using the mitochondrial non-coding region. Results Our morphological analysis revealed that branching number of the F1 hybrids was intermediate relative to the parental species. Moreover, the FLOint hybrids were morphologically more closely related to the maternal species A. florida, and the INTflo hybrids were to A. intermedia. Molecular data showed that A. florida and A. intermedia were clearly divided into two clades, and that F1 hybrids grouped in the clade based on their maternal parent. A very similar pattern to the INTflo hybrids was obtained for the putative F1 hybrid in nature. Discussion Our results revealed that F1 hybrids between two Indo-Pacific species A. florida and A. intermedia had intermediate morphology relative to their parent species but reflected the maternal parent more. Similarity to maternal species in hybrids is opposite to the Caribbean Acropora species that had more paternal morphological characters in hybrids. These results further suggest that some genetic factor in eggs is likely to affect determination of colony shape in the Indo-Pacific. At present, we have considered colonies with intermediate morphs between different species to be intra-specific morphological variation, but they may be real F1 hybrids. Indeed, a putative F1 hybrid represented similar morphological and molecular features to the F1 hybrids, and thus it is plausible to be attributed as a “real” F1 hybrid in nature. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:24:20Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-e7f943179e234b16907ab37df7c7e2102023-12-03T11:30:06ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ2167-83592019-02-017e642910.7717/peerj.6429Maternal inheritance of F1 hybrid morphology and colony shape in the coral genus AcroporaHironobu Fukami0Kenji Iwao1Naoki H. Kumagai2Masaya Morita3Naoko Isomura4Department of Marine Biology and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Miyazaki, JapanAkajima Marine Science Laboratory, Zamami, Okinawa, JapanCenter for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, JapanSesoko Station, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Motobu, Okinawa, JapanDepartment of Bioresources Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Okinawa College, Nago, Okinawa, JapanBackground The coral genus Acropora contains more than 150 species with very high morphological diversity. This high diversity may have been caused by repeated hybridization via mass spawning. However, we have little information whether hybrids are formed in these corals. Identifying morphological differences between hybrids and their parental species would provide an opportunity to find wild hybrids in the field and to understand how colony shapes of Acropora have become highly diversified throughout evolutionary history. In the two morphologically distinctive coral species Acropora florida and A. intermedia in the Indo-Pacific, their gametes show high rates of bi-directional intercrossing in vitro, and thus these two species are ideal species to investigate the morphological traits of the hybrids. Methods We examined morphological characters of F1 hybrids from A. florida to A. intermedia, which were produced from in vitro crossing experiments. To compare morphological differences, we grew juveniles and mature colonies of reciprocal F1 hybrids (FLOint: A. florida eggs × A. intermedia sperm, and INTflo: A. intermedia eggs × A. florida sperm) and of the parental species (purebreds of A. intermedia and A. florida). We analyzed skeletal morphology such as colony size, branch length, and branching number, and compared them with those of a putative F1 hybrid between A. florida and A. intermedia found in the field. We also confirmed the molecular phylogenetic position of F1 hybrids, parental species, and a putative F1 hybrid using the mitochondrial non-coding region. Results Our morphological analysis revealed that branching number of the F1 hybrids was intermediate relative to the parental species. Moreover, the FLOint hybrids were morphologically more closely related to the maternal species A. florida, and the INTflo hybrids were to A. intermedia. Molecular data showed that A. florida and A. intermedia were clearly divided into two clades, and that F1 hybrids grouped in the clade based on their maternal parent. A very similar pattern to the INTflo hybrids was obtained for the putative F1 hybrid in nature. Discussion Our results revealed that F1 hybrids between two Indo-Pacific species A. florida and A. intermedia had intermediate morphology relative to their parent species but reflected the maternal parent more. Similarity to maternal species in hybrids is opposite to the Caribbean Acropora species that had more paternal morphological characters in hybrids. These results further suggest that some genetic factor in eggs is likely to affect determination of colony shape in the Indo-Pacific. At present, we have considered colonies with intermediate morphs between different species to be intra-specific morphological variation, but they may be real F1 hybrids. Indeed, a putative F1 hybrid represented similar morphological and molecular features to the F1 hybrids, and thus it is plausible to be attributed as a “real” F1 hybrid in nature.https://peerj.com/articles/6429.pdfScleractiniaCoralEvolutionHybridIntermediate morphology |
| spellingShingle | Hironobu Fukami Kenji Iwao Naoki H. Kumagai Masaya Morita Naoko Isomura Maternal inheritance of F1 hybrid morphology and colony shape in the coral genus Acropora PeerJ Scleractinia Coral Evolution Hybrid Intermediate morphology |
| title | Maternal inheritance of F1 hybrid morphology and colony shape in the coral genus Acropora |
| title_full | Maternal inheritance of F1 hybrid morphology and colony shape in the coral genus Acropora |
| title_fullStr | Maternal inheritance of F1 hybrid morphology and colony shape in the coral genus Acropora |
| title_full_unstemmed | Maternal inheritance of F1 hybrid morphology and colony shape in the coral genus Acropora |
| title_short | Maternal inheritance of F1 hybrid morphology and colony shape in the coral genus Acropora |
| title_sort | maternal inheritance of f1 hybrid morphology and colony shape in the coral genus acropora |
| topic | Scleractinia Coral Evolution Hybrid Intermediate morphology |
| url | https://peerj.com/articles/6429.pdf |
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