Detectability of Late-time Supernova Neutrinos with Fallback Accretion onto Protoneutron Star
We investigate the late-time neutrino emission powered by fallback mass accretion onto a protoneutron star (PNS), using neutrino radiation-hydrodynamic simulations with full Boltzmann neutrino transport. We follow the time evolution of the accretion flow onto the PNS until the system reaches a quasi...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IOP Publishing
2024-01-01
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| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad118c |
| _version_ | 1827387236311629824 |
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| author | Ryuichiro Akaho Hiroki Nagakura Thierry Foglizzo |
| author_facet | Ryuichiro Akaho Hiroki Nagakura Thierry Foglizzo |
| author_sort | Ryuichiro Akaho |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We investigate the late-time neutrino emission powered by fallback mass accretion onto a protoneutron star (PNS), using neutrino radiation-hydrodynamic simulations with full Boltzmann neutrino transport. We follow the time evolution of the accretion flow onto the PNS until the system reaches a quasi-steady state. A standing shock wave is commonly formed in the accretion flow, whereas the shock radius varies depending on the mass accretion rate and the PNS mass. A sharp increase in temperature emerges in the vicinity of the PNS (∼10 km), which characterizes neutrino emission. Both the neutrino luminosity and the average energy become higher with increasing mass accretion rate and PNS mass. The mean energy of the emitted neutrinos is in the range of 10 ≲ ϵ ≲ 20 MeV, which is higher than that estimated from PNS cooling models (≲10 MeV). Assuming a distance to core-collapse supernova of 10 kpc, we quantify neutrino event rates for Super-Kamiokande (Super-K) and Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE). The estimated detection rates are well above the background, and their energy-dependent features are qualitatively different from those expected from PNS cooling models. Another notable feature is that the neutrino emission is strongly flavor dependent, exhibiting that the neutrino event rate hinges on the neutrino oscillation model. We estimate them in the case with the adiabatic Mikheev–Smirnov–Wolfenstein model, and show that the normal and inverted mass hierarchy offer a large number of neutrino detections in Super-K and DUNE, respectively. Hence the simultaneous observation with Super-K and DUNE of fallback neutrinos will provide a strong constraint on the neutrino mass hierarchy. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T15:59:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e80895df61994e6faf5647dbada95735 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T15:59:00Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-e80895df61994e6faf5647dbada957352024-01-08T13:59:33ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572024-01-01960211610.3847/1538-4357/ad118cDetectability of Late-time Supernova Neutrinos with Fallback Accretion onto Protoneutron StarRyuichiro Akaho0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9234-813XHiroki Nagakura1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7205-6367Thierry Foglizzo2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5869-8518Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University , 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, JapanDivision of Science, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, JapanUniversité Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité , CEA, CNRS, AIM, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, FranceWe investigate the late-time neutrino emission powered by fallback mass accretion onto a protoneutron star (PNS), using neutrino radiation-hydrodynamic simulations with full Boltzmann neutrino transport. We follow the time evolution of the accretion flow onto the PNS until the system reaches a quasi-steady state. A standing shock wave is commonly formed in the accretion flow, whereas the shock radius varies depending on the mass accretion rate and the PNS mass. A sharp increase in temperature emerges in the vicinity of the PNS (∼10 km), which characterizes neutrino emission. Both the neutrino luminosity and the average energy become higher with increasing mass accretion rate and PNS mass. The mean energy of the emitted neutrinos is in the range of 10 ≲ ϵ ≲ 20 MeV, which is higher than that estimated from PNS cooling models (≲10 MeV). Assuming a distance to core-collapse supernova of 10 kpc, we quantify neutrino event rates for Super-Kamiokande (Super-K) and Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE). The estimated detection rates are well above the background, and their energy-dependent features are qualitatively different from those expected from PNS cooling models. Another notable feature is that the neutrino emission is strongly flavor dependent, exhibiting that the neutrino event rate hinges on the neutrino oscillation model. We estimate them in the case with the adiabatic Mikheev–Smirnov–Wolfenstein model, and show that the normal and inverted mass hierarchy offer a large number of neutrino detections in Super-K and DUNE, respectively. Hence the simultaneous observation with Super-K and DUNE of fallback neutrinos will provide a strong constraint on the neutrino mass hierarchy.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad118cCore-collapse supernovaeNeutron starsSupernova neutrinosNeutrino telescopes |
| spellingShingle | Ryuichiro Akaho Hiroki Nagakura Thierry Foglizzo Detectability of Late-time Supernova Neutrinos with Fallback Accretion onto Protoneutron Star The Astrophysical Journal Core-collapse supernovae Neutron stars Supernova neutrinos Neutrino telescopes |
| title | Detectability of Late-time Supernova Neutrinos with Fallback Accretion onto Protoneutron Star |
| title_full | Detectability of Late-time Supernova Neutrinos with Fallback Accretion onto Protoneutron Star |
| title_fullStr | Detectability of Late-time Supernova Neutrinos with Fallback Accretion onto Protoneutron Star |
| title_full_unstemmed | Detectability of Late-time Supernova Neutrinos with Fallback Accretion onto Protoneutron Star |
| title_short | Detectability of Late-time Supernova Neutrinos with Fallback Accretion onto Protoneutron Star |
| title_sort | detectability of late time supernova neutrinos with fallback accretion onto protoneutron star |
| topic | Core-collapse supernovae Neutron stars Supernova neutrinos Neutrino telescopes |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad118c |
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