| Summary: | Historical geographic data play an important supporting role in the study of long-term geographic studies, such as climate change, urban expansion and land-use and land-cover change. These data vary in source, format and accuracy and are widely found in historical documents, old maps, produced vector data, aerial photographs, old photographs, etc. The complex nature of data makes it difficult for researchers to organize, store and manage in a unified manner. Thus, GIS practitioners and social scientists will collectively face the challenge of integrating historical data into spatial databases. Herein, we introduced the concept of a multi-level spatial grid, selecting Shanghai as the study area, to construct the Shanghai historical geographic database and give the conceptual model and processing method. The experiment was performed using the China Historical Geographic Information System (CHGIS), which showed the historical evolution of Shanghai more conveniently. Meanwhile, we simulated one million rows of historical geographic data in Shanghai and compared the retrieval efficiency of the encoding method with the latitude–longitude and geometric object indexing methods, which demonstrated that our method was very effective. This research is important for the construction of a historical urban database, which can better preserve historical resources and promote urban culture with information science and technology.
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