Ecoinformatic Analysis of the Gut Ecological Diversity of Wild and Captive Long-Tailed Gorals Using Improved ITS2 Region Primers to Support Their Conservation
Ex situ conservation is used to protect endangered wildlife. As captive and wild long-tailed gorals are known to be similar, individuals under ex situ conservation can be reintroduced into nature. However, there is no appropriate indicator to evaluate them. Here, we amplified the internal transcribe...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/6/1368 |
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| author | Chang-Eon Park Bum-Joon Cho Min-Ji Kim Min-Chul Kim Min-Kyu Park Jang-Ick Son Hee-Cheon Park Jae-Ho Shin |
| author_facet | Chang-Eon Park Bum-Joon Cho Min-Ji Kim Min-Chul Kim Min-Kyu Park Jang-Ick Son Hee-Cheon Park Jae-Ho Shin |
| author_sort | Chang-Eon Park |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ex situ conservation is used to protect endangered wildlife. As captive and wild long-tailed gorals are known to be similar, individuals under ex situ conservation can be reintroduced into nature. However, there is no appropriate indicator to evaluate them. Here, we amplified the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region and compared the gut ecological information (eco-information) of captive and wild long-tailed gorals. We validated the existing ITS86F and ITS4 universal primers using reference sequences of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and improved their matching rates. We compared the gut eco-information of captive and wild long-tailed gorals obtained through experiments using the improved primer pair and found that the gut ecological diversity of captive gorals was low. Based on this, we suggested that the gut eco-information can be used as an evaluation index before reintroducing captive long-tailed gorals. Furthermore, we identified four plant types from the gut eco-information of wild long-tailed gorals, which can be the additional food sources to enhance the reduced intestinal ecological diversity of the captive animals. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:08:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e80bb73bad884cc4bdb3e0e904f48426 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:08:46Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-e80bb73bad884cc4bdb3e0e904f484262023-11-18T11:40:56ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072023-05-01116136810.3390/microorganisms11061368Ecoinformatic Analysis of the Gut Ecological Diversity of Wild and Captive Long-Tailed Gorals Using Improved ITS2 Region Primers to Support Their ConservationChang-Eon Park0Bum-Joon Cho1Min-Ji Kim2Min-Chul Kim3Min-Kyu Park4Jang-Ick Son5Hee-Cheon Park6Jae-Ho Shin7Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of KoreaWildlife Union, Donghae 25802, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of KoreaNorthern Conservation Center, National Park Institute for Wildlife Conservaation, Korea National Park Service, Inje 24607, Republic of KoreaInstitute of Ornithology, Ex Situ Conservation Institution Designated by the Ministry of Environment, Gumi 39105, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of KoreaEx situ conservation is used to protect endangered wildlife. As captive and wild long-tailed gorals are known to be similar, individuals under ex situ conservation can be reintroduced into nature. However, there is no appropriate indicator to evaluate them. Here, we amplified the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region and compared the gut ecological information (eco-information) of captive and wild long-tailed gorals. We validated the existing ITS86F and ITS4 universal primers using reference sequences of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and improved their matching rates. We compared the gut eco-information of captive and wild long-tailed gorals obtained through experiments using the improved primer pair and found that the gut ecological diversity of captive gorals was low. Based on this, we suggested that the gut eco-information can be used as an evaluation index before reintroducing captive long-tailed gorals. Furthermore, we identified four plant types from the gut eco-information of wild long-tailed gorals, which can be the additional food sources to enhance the reduced intestinal ecological diversity of the captive animals.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/6/1368conservation biologyfungal ITS2 region primersin silico primer improvement |
| spellingShingle | Chang-Eon Park Bum-Joon Cho Min-Ji Kim Min-Chul Kim Min-Kyu Park Jang-Ick Son Hee-Cheon Park Jae-Ho Shin Ecoinformatic Analysis of the Gut Ecological Diversity of Wild and Captive Long-Tailed Gorals Using Improved ITS2 Region Primers to Support Their Conservation Microorganisms conservation biology fungal ITS2 region primers in silico primer improvement |
| title | Ecoinformatic Analysis of the Gut Ecological Diversity of Wild and Captive Long-Tailed Gorals Using Improved ITS2 Region Primers to Support Their Conservation |
| title_full | Ecoinformatic Analysis of the Gut Ecological Diversity of Wild and Captive Long-Tailed Gorals Using Improved ITS2 Region Primers to Support Their Conservation |
| title_fullStr | Ecoinformatic Analysis of the Gut Ecological Diversity of Wild and Captive Long-Tailed Gorals Using Improved ITS2 Region Primers to Support Their Conservation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ecoinformatic Analysis of the Gut Ecological Diversity of Wild and Captive Long-Tailed Gorals Using Improved ITS2 Region Primers to Support Their Conservation |
| title_short | Ecoinformatic Analysis of the Gut Ecological Diversity of Wild and Captive Long-Tailed Gorals Using Improved ITS2 Region Primers to Support Their Conservation |
| title_sort | ecoinformatic analysis of the gut ecological diversity of wild and captive long tailed gorals using improved its2 region primers to support their conservation |
| topic | conservation biology fungal ITS2 region primers in silico primer improvement |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/6/1368 |
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