SERS Sensing of Bacterial Endotoxin on Gold Nanoparticles
Engineered gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) find application in several fields related to human activities (i.e., food and cosmetic industry or water purification) including medicine, where they are employed for diagnosis, drug delivery and cancer therapy. As for any material/reagent for human use, the sa...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.758410/full |
| _version_ | 1828911987398017024 |
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| author | Alessandro Verde Alessandro Verde Maria Mangini Maria Mangini Stefano Managò Chiara Tramontano Ilaria Rea Diana Boraschi Diana Boraschi Diana Boraschi Paola Italiani Anna Chiara De Luca Anna Chiara De Luca |
| author_facet | Alessandro Verde Alessandro Verde Maria Mangini Maria Mangini Stefano Managò Chiara Tramontano Ilaria Rea Diana Boraschi Diana Boraschi Diana Boraschi Paola Italiani Anna Chiara De Luca Anna Chiara De Luca |
| author_sort | Alessandro Verde |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Engineered gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) find application in several fields related to human activities (i.e., food and cosmetic industry or water purification) including medicine, where they are employed for diagnosis, drug delivery and cancer therapy. As for any material/reagent for human use, the safety of AuNPs needs accurate evaluation. AuNPs are prone to contamination by bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS), a potent elicitor of inflammatory responses in mammals. It is therefore important, when assessing AuNP immunosafety and immune-related effects, to discriminate between inflammatory effects intrinsic to the NPs from those caused by an undeliberate and undetected LPS contamination. Detection of LPS contamination in AuNP preparations poses different problems when using the current LPS detection assays, given the general interference of NPs, similar to other particulate agents, with the assay reagents and endpoints. This leads to time-consuming search for optimal assay conditions for every NP batch, with unpredictable results, and to the use in parallel of different assays, each with its weaknesses and unpredictability. Thus, the development of highly sensitive, quantitative and accurate assays able to detect of LPS on AuNPs is very important, in view of their medical applications. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a label-free, sensitive, chemical-specific, nondestructive and fast technique that can be used to directly obtain molecular fingerprint information and a quantitative analysis of LPS adsorbed on AuNPs. Within this study, we describe the use of SERS for the label-free identification and quantitative evaluation - down to few attograms - of the LPS adsorbed on the surface of 50 nm AuNPs. We thus propose SERS as an efficient tool to detect LPS on the AuNP surface, and as the basis for the development of a new sensitive and specific LPS-detection sensor based on the use of AuNPs and SERS. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T19:13:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e81aecb2c8a74c09a3ffc51a41ce89a4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T19:13:02Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-e81aecb2c8a74c09a3ffc51a41ce89a42022-12-21T23:34:22ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242021-10-011210.3389/fimmu.2021.758410758410SERS Sensing of Bacterial Endotoxin on Gold NanoparticlesAlessandro Verde0Alessandro Verde1Maria Mangini2Maria Mangini3Stefano Managò4Chiara Tramontano5Ilaria Rea6Diana Boraschi7Diana Boraschi8Diana Boraschi9Paola Italiani10Anna Chiara De Luca11Anna Chiara De Luca12Institute for Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, “G. Salvatore” (IEOS), Second Unit, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR), Napoli, ItalyInstitute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR), Napoli, ItalyInstitute for Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, “G. Salvatore” (IEOS), Second Unit, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR), Napoli, ItalyInstitute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR), Napoli, ItalyInstitute for Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, “G. Salvatore” (IEOS), Second Unit, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR), Napoli, ItalyInstitute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems (ISASI), Unit of Napoli, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR), Napoli, ItalyInstitute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems (ISASI), Unit of Napoli, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR), Napoli, ItalyInstitute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR), Napoli, ItalyDepartment of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica “Anton Dohrn”, Napoli, ItalyThe Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Shenzhen, ChinaInstitute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR), Napoli, ItalyInstitute for Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, “G. Salvatore” (IEOS), Second Unit, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR), Napoli, ItalyInstitute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR), Napoli, ItalyEngineered gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) find application in several fields related to human activities (i.e., food and cosmetic industry or water purification) including medicine, where they are employed for diagnosis, drug delivery and cancer therapy. As for any material/reagent for human use, the safety of AuNPs needs accurate evaluation. AuNPs are prone to contamination by bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS), a potent elicitor of inflammatory responses in mammals. It is therefore important, when assessing AuNP immunosafety and immune-related effects, to discriminate between inflammatory effects intrinsic to the NPs from those caused by an undeliberate and undetected LPS contamination. Detection of LPS contamination in AuNP preparations poses different problems when using the current LPS detection assays, given the general interference of NPs, similar to other particulate agents, with the assay reagents and endpoints. This leads to time-consuming search for optimal assay conditions for every NP batch, with unpredictable results, and to the use in parallel of different assays, each with its weaknesses and unpredictability. Thus, the development of highly sensitive, quantitative and accurate assays able to detect of LPS on AuNPs is very important, in view of their medical applications. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a label-free, sensitive, chemical-specific, nondestructive and fast technique that can be used to directly obtain molecular fingerprint information and a quantitative analysis of LPS adsorbed on AuNPs. Within this study, we describe the use of SERS for the label-free identification and quantitative evaluation - down to few attograms - of the LPS adsorbed on the surface of 50 nm AuNPs. We thus propose SERS as an efficient tool to detect LPS on the AuNP surface, and as the basis for the development of a new sensitive and specific LPS-detection sensor based on the use of AuNPs and SERS.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.758410/fullSERSgold nanoparticlesLPSbiosensorinflammationinnate immunity |
| spellingShingle | Alessandro Verde Alessandro Verde Maria Mangini Maria Mangini Stefano Managò Chiara Tramontano Ilaria Rea Diana Boraschi Diana Boraschi Diana Boraschi Paola Italiani Anna Chiara De Luca Anna Chiara De Luca SERS Sensing of Bacterial Endotoxin on Gold Nanoparticles Frontiers in Immunology SERS gold nanoparticles LPS biosensor inflammation innate immunity |
| title | SERS Sensing of Bacterial Endotoxin on Gold Nanoparticles |
| title_full | SERS Sensing of Bacterial Endotoxin on Gold Nanoparticles |
| title_fullStr | SERS Sensing of Bacterial Endotoxin on Gold Nanoparticles |
| title_full_unstemmed | SERS Sensing of Bacterial Endotoxin on Gold Nanoparticles |
| title_short | SERS Sensing of Bacterial Endotoxin on Gold Nanoparticles |
| title_sort | sers sensing of bacterial endotoxin on gold nanoparticles |
| topic | SERS gold nanoparticles LPS biosensor inflammation innate immunity |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.758410/full |
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