Ginsenoside Prolongs the Lifespan of <i>C. elegans</i> via Lipid Metabolism and Activating the Stress Response Signaling Pathway
<i>Panax ginseng</i> is a valuable traditional Chinese medicine in Northeast China. Ginsenoside, the active component of ginseng, has not been investigated much for its effects on aging and its underlying mechanism(s) of action. Here, we investigated the effects of total ginsenoside (TG)...
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2021-09-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| author | Xiaoxuan Yu Hui Li Dongfa Lin Weizhuo Guo Zhihao Xu Liping Wang Shuwen Guan |
| author_facet | Xiaoxuan Yu Hui Li Dongfa Lin Weizhuo Guo Zhihao Xu Liping Wang Shuwen Guan |
| author_sort | Xiaoxuan Yu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Panax ginseng</i> is a valuable traditional Chinese medicine in Northeast China. Ginsenoside, the active component of ginseng, has not been investigated much for its effects on aging and its underlying mechanism(s) of action. Here, we investigated the effects of total ginsenoside (TG), a mixture of the primary active ginsenosides from <i>Panax ginseng</i>, on the lifespan of <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> (<i>C. elegans</i>). We found that TG extended the lifespan of <i>C. elegans</i> and reduced lipofuscin accumulation. Moreover, TG increased the survival of <i>C. elegans</i> in response to heat and oxidative stress via the reduction of ROS. Next, we used RNA-seq to fully define the antiaging mechanism(s) of TG. The KEGG pathway analysis showed that TG can prolong the lifespan and is involved in the longevity regulating pathway. qPCR showed that TG upregulated the expression of <i>nrh-80</i>, <i>daf-12</i>, <i>daf-16</i>, <i>hsf-1</i> and their downstream genes. TG also reduced the fat accumulation and promoted lipid metabolism. Moreover, TG failed to extend the lifespan of <i>daf-16</i> and <i>hsf-1</i> mutants, highlighting their role in the antiaging effects of TG in <i>C. elegans</i>. The four main constitution of TG were then confirmed by HPLC and included ginsenoside Re, Rg<sub>1</sub>, Rg<sub>2</sub> and Rd. Of the ginsenosides, only ginsenoside Rd prolonged the lifespan of <i>C. elegans</i> to levels comparable to TG. These findings provided mechanistic insight into the antiaging effects of ginsenoside in <i>C. elegans</i>. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-e820055e1db34048a4b68c2fab0de5522023-11-22T13:25:36ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-09-012218966810.3390/ijms22189668Ginsenoside Prolongs the Lifespan of <i>C. elegans</i> via Lipid Metabolism and Activating the Stress Response Signaling PathwayXiaoxuan Yu0Hui Li1Dongfa Lin2Weizhuo Guo3Zhihao Xu4Liping Wang5Shuwen Guan6Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, ChinaSchool of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, ChinaSchool of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, ChinaSchool of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, ChinaSchool of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, ChinaKey Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, ChinaKey Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China<i>Panax ginseng</i> is a valuable traditional Chinese medicine in Northeast China. Ginsenoside, the active component of ginseng, has not been investigated much for its effects on aging and its underlying mechanism(s) of action. Here, we investigated the effects of total ginsenoside (TG), a mixture of the primary active ginsenosides from <i>Panax ginseng</i>, on the lifespan of <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> (<i>C. elegans</i>). We found that TG extended the lifespan of <i>C. elegans</i> and reduced lipofuscin accumulation. Moreover, TG increased the survival of <i>C. elegans</i> in response to heat and oxidative stress via the reduction of ROS. Next, we used RNA-seq to fully define the antiaging mechanism(s) of TG. The KEGG pathway analysis showed that TG can prolong the lifespan and is involved in the longevity regulating pathway. qPCR showed that TG upregulated the expression of <i>nrh-80</i>, <i>daf-12</i>, <i>daf-16</i>, <i>hsf-1</i> and their downstream genes. TG also reduced the fat accumulation and promoted lipid metabolism. Moreover, TG failed to extend the lifespan of <i>daf-16</i> and <i>hsf-1</i> mutants, highlighting their role in the antiaging effects of TG in <i>C. elegans</i>. The four main constitution of TG were then confirmed by HPLC and included ginsenoside Re, Rg<sub>1</sub>, Rg<sub>2</sub> and Rd. Of the ginsenosides, only ginsenoside Rd prolonged the lifespan of <i>C. elegans</i> to levels comparable to TG. These findings provided mechanistic insight into the antiaging effects of ginsenoside in <i>C. elegans</i>.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/18/9668<i>Panax ginseng</i>lifespanlipid metabolismstress-resistant<i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> |
| spellingShingle | Xiaoxuan Yu Hui Li Dongfa Lin Weizhuo Guo Zhihao Xu Liping Wang Shuwen Guan Ginsenoside Prolongs the Lifespan of <i>C. elegans</i> via Lipid Metabolism and Activating the Stress Response Signaling Pathway International Journal of Molecular Sciences <i>Panax ginseng</i> lifespan lipid metabolism stress-resistant <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> |
| title | Ginsenoside Prolongs the Lifespan of <i>C. elegans</i> via Lipid Metabolism and Activating the Stress Response Signaling Pathway |
| title_full | Ginsenoside Prolongs the Lifespan of <i>C. elegans</i> via Lipid Metabolism and Activating the Stress Response Signaling Pathway |
| title_fullStr | Ginsenoside Prolongs the Lifespan of <i>C. elegans</i> via Lipid Metabolism and Activating the Stress Response Signaling Pathway |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ginsenoside Prolongs the Lifespan of <i>C. elegans</i> via Lipid Metabolism and Activating the Stress Response Signaling Pathway |
| title_short | Ginsenoside Prolongs the Lifespan of <i>C. elegans</i> via Lipid Metabolism and Activating the Stress Response Signaling Pathway |
| title_sort | ginsenoside prolongs the lifespan of i c elegans i via lipid metabolism and activating the stress response signaling pathway |
| topic | <i>Panax ginseng</i> lifespan lipid metabolism stress-resistant <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/18/9668 |
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